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英语阅读理解重点测试考生“综合运用英语语言知识和阅读技能来理解英语书面材料”的能力，在英语考试中所占分值最大。通常“阅读理解题”部分的短文涵盖了记叙文、说明文和应用文等多种体裁，涉及到人物、故事、社会、文化、政治、经济、科学、新闻和广告等多种题材，而文化教育类阅读理解更属高考常选材料之一，它以中西文化差异作为选材的重点，常涉及文化、教育、法制、宗教等方面的文学艺术、发明创造、文化遗产保护、宗教与文化、风俗与习惯、道德与法制、中外文学名著节选、各国学校教育、家庭教育等，重视语言和文化的关系。阅读材料更多地涉及社会文化背景知识。因此，要通过阅读更多地涉及社会文化背景知识，更多地了解并丰富自己的知识。这类材料的命题点往往落在主旨大意题、事实细节题上。 而具有良好的解题方法，不仅使阅读更加轻松，而且有助于解题。请看下面的例题：
（2011•全国2卷）D
The way we do things round here
Some years ago, I was hired by an American bank. I received a letter from the head of the Personnel Department that started, “Dear John, I am quite pleased that you have decided to join us.” That “quite” saddened me. I thought he was saying “we’re kind of pleased you decided to join us although I wish we had hired someone else.” Then I discovered that in American English “quite” sometimes means “very”, while in British English it means “fairly”.
So the first lesson about working in other countries is to learn the language and by that I don’t just mean the words people speak. It is body language, dress, manners, ideas and so on. The way people do things highlights many of the differences we see between cultures（文化）．
Some of these differences may be only on the surface-dress, food and hours of work-while others may be deeper and take longer to deal with. Mostly, it is just a question of getting used to the differences and accepting them, like the climate（气候），while getting on with business.
Some of the differences may be an improvement. People are more polite; the service is better; you ask for something to be done and it happens without having to ask again. However, other differences can be troubling, like punctuality（准时）．If you invite people to a party at 7 o’clock your guests will consider it polite to turn up exactly on time in Germany, five minutes early in the American Midwest, an hour early in Japan, 15 minutes afterwards in the UK, up to an hour afterwards in Italy and some time in the evening in Greece. I prefer not to use the word “late” because there is nothing wrong with the times people arrive. It is simply the accepted thing to do in their own country.
52. The author was unhappy as mentioned in Paragraph 1 because he thought ．
A.the American bank didn’t think much of him
B.the American bank might hire another person
C.it’s difficult to get used to American culture
D.it’s easy to misunderstand Americans
53． The word “highlights” in Paragraph 2 probably means_______.
A.encourages
B.helps to narrow
C.increases
D.draws attention to
54. According to the author, what should we do with most cultural differences?
A.Ask the native people for help.
B.Understand and accept them.
C.Do things in our own way.
D.Do in-depth research.
55. When invited to a party the people who are usually punctual are_______.
A.Italians
B.Germans
C.Greeks
D.the British
Strike the iron while it is hot.
【文章大意】 本文由作者的一次经历引出，告诉我们在其他国家时要注意语言造成的文化差异。
52. A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I thought he was saying we’re kind oIpleased you decided to join us although wish we had hired someone else.…可知，作者以为这个美国银行表达的意思是自己并不是他们的最佳人选，认为这家银行对他评价不高，所以不高兴。
53. D 词义猜测题。此处指人们做事的方式使我们看到的许多文化差异更加明显，故选D。highlight表示“强调，突出，使醒目”。
54. B 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Mostly，it is just a question of getting used to the differences and accepting them.”可知，应对大多数文化差异的方法是习惯并接受它们，故选择B。
55. B 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“… your guests will consider it polite to turn up exactly on time in Germany”可知，德国人参加宴会时，通常是准时出现的。
在做文化教育这类阅读理解题时，应注意以下几个方面：(1) 运用略读法，即先题后文：先读题目，再带着问题读文章。一般而言，这类阅读理解文章相对来说事实细节题稍多一点，如果带着问题读文章，有利于我们抓细节。而客观细节题一般可以从文章中直接找到答案。(2) 先做细节题。因为做完了局部性的事实细节题后，自然会加深我们对文章的理解，这样更有利于对文章的感情基调，作者观点以及贯穿全文的中心主旨的理解等。(3) 重点敲定主旨题。主旨大意题提问的形式主要有两大类：一类是main idea型；一类是topic或title型。利用略读法做阅读时，要特别注意文章首尾两段，因为文章的第一段往往点明文章的主题，或中心思想，或作者的意图，而文章的最后一段常常总结归纳或重述文章的主要内容。要学会寻找文章段落的主题句，这是高效省时抓住段落大意的一条捷径，同时也是准确理解全文大意的有效途径。另外，文章的主题句有时可能会出现在段落中间或结尾，考生必须运用略读法快速准确地找到它。
我们还可以看到上面真题中，考察到了单词highlight的语义。 语义猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中常见的，人们总是把他们视作“拦路虎”，影响了阅读速度和连续性。事实上，我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过文章内容中提供的信息来理解词意。文章后来所举的例子显然提供一些线索和暗示生词的含义。Some of these differences may be only on the surface-dress, food and hours of work-while others may be deeper and take longer to deal with.言下之意是由第一段的语言差异而让人们去关注（draw attention to）其他文化差异。Highlight此时对应语义draw attention to。所以在难词难句释义的题型做完后，可以采用代入法来检验你所选内容是否保持文章的延续和连贯性。
此外我们还要掌握判断推理法，做好深层理解题。在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意思说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度。另外还要进行一定的深层理解，主要包括归纳概括题（中心思想，加标题等）和推理判断题，这些是阅读理解题中的难点。因为考生有时发现所给的四个题项中，有不止一个选项可以作为答案项。这时考生不能一旦发现一个看似正确的选项，就立即把它作为正确答案的备选项，这是不明智的，正确的方法是再看一看其他选项中还有没有更完备的答案。考生应忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，吃透文章的字面意思，去伪存真，做出深层理解和全面分析，进行合理的推理和判断，选出最切合文章主旨和作者意图的最佳答案。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer, imply, suggest, indicate等。
综上所述，笔者建议考生应在平时的阅读和测试中，灵活运用以上方法来解决文化教育类的阅读题，养成自己正确的阅读和解题习惯，就会进一步提高阅读能力和解题能力，达到流利阅读的水平。
趁热打铁。
【小试身手】
（2011•辽宁卷） B
About 21,000 young people in 17 American states do not attend classes in school buildings.
Instead, they receive their elementary(初等)and high school education by working at home on computers. The Center for Education Reform says the United States has 67 public “cyberschools.” and that is about twice as many as two years ago.
The money for students to attend a cyberschool comes from the governments of the states where they live. Some educators say cyberschools receive money that should support traditional public schools. They also say it is difficult to know if students are learning well.
Other educators praise this new form of education for letting students work at their own speed. These people say cyberschools help students who were unhappy or unsuccessful in traditional schools. They say learning at home by computer ends long bus rides for children who live far from school.
Whatever the judgement of cyberschools, they are getting more and more popular. For example, a new cyberschool called Commonwealth Connections Academy will take in students this fall. It will serve children in the state of Pennsylvania from ages five through thirteen.
Children get free equipment for their online education. This includes a computer, a printer, books and technical services. Parents and students talk with teachers by telephone or by sending emails through their computers when necessary.
Students at cyberschools usually do not know one another. But 56 such students who finished studies at Western Pennsylvania Cyber Charter School recently met for the first time. They were guests of honor at their graduation.
59. What do we know from the text about students of a cyberschool?
A.They have to take long bus rides to school.
B.They study at home rather than in classrooms.
C.They receive money from traditional public schools.
D.They do well in traditional school programs.
60. What is a problem with cyberschools?
A.Their equipment costs a lot of money.
B.They get little support from the state government.
C.It is hard to know students’ progress in learning.
D.The students find it hard to make friends.
61. Cyber schools are getting popular because®_______.
A.they are less expensive for students
B.their students can work at their own speed
C.their graduates are more successful in society
D.they serve students in a wider age range
It takes two to make a quarrel.
62. We can infer that the author of the text is®_______.
A.unprejudiced in his description of cyberschools
B.excited about the future of cyberschools
C.doubtful about the quality of cyberschools
D.disappointed at the development of cyberschools
【文章大意】网络学校教育变得越来越流行，因为学生可以根据自己的学习情况来调整学习进度；同时它也有着固有的弊端，即很难知道学生的学习情况。
59. B 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一、二句可知，网络学校的学生不需要到教室去上课，而是通过家里的电脑接受教育，故B项正确。
60. C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句可知，网络学校很难知道学生的学习情况，故C项正确。
61. B 推理判断题。文章在第三段提到了网络学校教育的益处，即学生可以根据自己的学习情况来调整学习进度，正是由于这种优越性，网络学校教育变得越来越流行。
62. A 态度推测题。通读全文可知，作者先提出了网络学校教育这种现象，接着指出不同的人对此所持的不同态度，故作者是从客观角度进行陈述的，并没有偏见，即A项正确。
（2011•北京卷）C
Students and Technology in the Classroom
I love my blackberry—it’s my little connection to the larger world that can go anywhere with me. I also love my laptop computer， as it holds all of my writing and thought. Despite this love of technology, I know that there are times when I need to move away from these device and truly communication with others.
On occasion, I teach a course called History Matters for a group of higher education managers. My goals for the class include a full discussion of historical themes and ideas. Because I want students to thoroughly study the material and exchange their ideas with each other in the classroom, I have a rule—no laptop, ipads, phones, etc. When students were told my rule in advance of the class, some of them were not happy.
Most students assume that year reasons for this rule include unpleasant experiences in the past with students misusing technology. There’s a bit of truth to that.Some students assume that I am anti-technology. There’s no truth in that at all. I love technology and try to keep up with it so I relate to my students.
The real reason why I ask students to leave technology at the door is that I think there are very few places in which we can have deep conversions and truly engage complex ideas. Interruptions by technology often break concentration and allow for too much dependence on outside information for ideas. I want students to think differently and make connections between the course the material and the class discussion.
I’ve been teaching my history class in this way for many years and the educations reflect student satisfaction with the environment that I create. Students realize that with deep conversation and challenge, they learn at a level that helps them keep the course material beyond the classroom.
I’m not saying that I won’t ever change my mind about technology use in my history class, but until I hear a really good reason for the change, I’m sticking to my plan.
63. Some of the students in the history class were unhappy with_______.
A.the course material
B.others’ misuse of technology
C.discussion topics
D.the author’s class regulator
64. The underlined word “engage”in para.4 probably means® .
A.explore
B.accept
C.change
D.reject
65. According to the author, the use of technology in the classroom may______.
A.keep students from doing independent thinking
B.encourage students to have in-depth conversations
C.help students to better understand complex themes
D.affect students’ concentration on course evaluation
66. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the author______.
A.is quite stubborn
B.will give up teaching history
C.will change his teaching plan soon
D.values technology-free dialogues in his class
【文章大意】这是一篇夹叙夹议文，论述了作者自己上课时为什么不允许学生携带笔记本电脑等高科技产品以及这样做的好处。
63. D 细节理解题。由文章第二段内容可以得出。
64. A 细节理解题。由I think there are very few places in which we can have deep conversions and truly engage complex ideas.可知technology会影响我们的深入交流。Engage与explore探索意义表述与之为吻合。
65. A 推理判断题。Students realize that with deep conversation and challenge, they learn at a level that helps them keep the course material beyond the classroom.可以推知作者认为technology会阻碍我们的独立思考能力。
66. D 推理判断题。由文章最后一段作者深信自己的technology会影响我们的深入交流。并且坚持她的values technology-free dialogues in his class的观点。
（作者，丁月红，泰兴市第一高级中学）
（2011•全国2卷）D
The way we do things round here
Some years ago, I was hired by an American bank. I received a letter from the head of the Personnel Department that started, “Dear John, I am quite pleased that you have decided to join us.” That “quite” saddened me. I thought he was saying “we’re kind of pleased you decided to join us although I wish we had hired someone else.” Then I discovered that in American English “quite” sometimes means “very”, while in British English it means “fairly”.
So the first lesson about working in other countries is to learn the language and by that I don’t just mean the words people speak. It is body language, dress, manners, ideas and so on. The way people do things highlights many of the differences we see between cultures（文化）．
Some of these differences may be only on the surface-dress, food and hours of work-while others may be deeper and take longer to deal with. Mostly, it is just a question of getting used to the differences and accepting them, like the climate（气候），while getting on with business.
Some of the differences may be an improvement. People are more polite; the service is better; you ask for something to be done and it happens without having to ask again. However, other differences can be troubling, like punctuality（准时）．If you invite people to a party at 7 o’clock your guests will consider it polite to turn up exactly on time in Germany, five minutes early in the American Midwest, an hour early in Japan, 15 minutes afterwards in the UK, up to an hour afterwards in Italy and some time in the evening in Greece. I prefer not to use the word “late” because there is nothing wrong with the times people arrive. It is simply the accepted thing to do in their own country.
52. The author was unhappy as mentioned in Paragraph 1 because he thought ．
A.the American bank didn’t think much of him
B.the American bank might hire another person
C.it’s difficult to get used to American culture
D.it’s easy to misunderstand Americans
53． The word “highlights” in Paragraph 2 probably means_______.
A.encourages
B.helps to narrow
C.increases
D.draws attention to
54. According to the author, what should we do with most cultural differences?
A.Ask the native people for help.
B.Understand and accept them.
C.Do things in our own way.
D.Do in-depth research.
55. When invited to a party the people who are usually punctual are_______.
A.Italians
B.Germans
C.Greeks
D.the British
Strike the iron while it is hot.
【文章大意】 本文由作者的一次经历引出，告诉我们在其他国家时要注意语言造成的文化差异。
52. A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“I thought he was saying we’re kind oIpleased you decided to join us although wish we had hired someone else.…可知，作者以为这个美国银行表达的意思是自己并不是他们的最佳人选，认为这家银行对他评价不高，所以不高兴。
53. D 词义猜测题。此处指人们做事的方式使我们看到的许多文化差异更加明显，故选D。highlight表示“强调，突出，使醒目”。
54. B 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Mostly，it is just a question of getting used to the differences and accepting them.”可知，应对大多数文化差异的方法是习惯并接受它们，故选择B。
55. B 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“… your guests will consider it polite to turn up exactly on time in Germany”可知，德国人参加宴会时，通常是准时出现的。
在做文化教育这类阅读理解题时，应注意以下几个方面：(1) 运用略读法，即先题后文：先读题目，再带着问题读文章。一般而言，这类阅读理解文章相对来说事实细节题稍多一点，如果带着问题读文章，有利于我们抓细节。而客观细节题一般可以从文章中直接找到答案。(2) 先做细节题。因为做完了局部性的事实细节题后，自然会加深我们对文章的理解，这样更有利于对文章的感情基调，作者观点以及贯穿全文的中心主旨的理解等。(3) 重点敲定主旨题。主旨大意题提问的形式主要有两大类：一类是main idea型；一类是topic或title型。利用略读法做阅读时，要特别注意文章首尾两段，因为文章的第一段往往点明文章的主题，或中心思想，或作者的意图，而文章的最后一段常常总结归纳或重述文章的主要内容。要学会寻找文章段落的主题句，这是高效省时抓住段落大意的一条捷径，同时也是准确理解全文大意的有效途径。另外，文章的主题句有时可能会出现在段落中间或结尾，考生必须运用略读法快速准确地找到它。
我们还可以看到上面真题中，考察到了单词highlight的语义。 语义猜词是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考中常见的，人们总是把他们视作“拦路虎”，影响了阅读速度和连续性。事实上，我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，通过文章内容中提供的信息来理解词意。文章后来所举的例子显然提供一些线索和暗示生词的含义。Some of these differences may be only on the surface-dress, food and hours of work-while others may be deeper and take longer to deal with.言下之意是由第一段的语言差异而让人们去关注（draw attention to）其他文化差异。Highlight此时对应语义draw attention to。所以在难词难句释义的题型做完后，可以采用代入法来检验你所选内容是否保持文章的延续和连贯性。
此外我们还要掌握判断推理法，做好深层理解题。在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意思说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度。另外还要进行一定的深层理解，主要包括归纳概括题（中心思想，加标题等）和推理判断题，这些是阅读理解题中的难点。因为考生有时发现所给的四个题项中，有不止一个选项可以作为答案项。这时考生不能一旦发现一个看似正确的选项，就立即把它作为正确答案的备选项，这是不明智的，正确的方法是再看一看其他选项中还有没有更完备的答案。考生应忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，吃透文章的字面意思，去伪存真，做出深层理解和全面分析，进行合理的推理和判断，选出最切合文章主旨和作者意图的最佳答案。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer, imply, suggest, indicate等。
综上所述，笔者建议考生应在平时的阅读和测试中，灵活运用以上方法来解决文化教育类的阅读题，养成自己正确的阅读和解题习惯，就会进一步提高阅读能力和解题能力，达到流利阅读的水平。
趁热打铁。
【小试身手】
（2011•辽宁卷） B
About 21,000 young people in 17 American states do not attend classes in school buildings.
Instead, they receive their elementary(初等)and high school education by working at home on computers. The Center for Education Reform says the United States has 67 public “cyberschools.” and that is about twice as many as two years ago.
The money for students to attend a cyberschool comes from the governments of the states where they live. Some educators say cyberschools receive money that should support traditional public schools. They also say it is difficult to know if students are learning well.
Other educators praise this new form of education for letting students work at their own speed. These people say cyberschools help students who were unhappy or unsuccessful in traditional schools. They say learning at home by computer ends long bus rides for children who live far from school.
Whatever the judgement of cyberschools, they are getting more and more popular. For example, a new cyberschool called Commonwealth Connections Academy will take in students this fall. It will serve children in the state of Pennsylvania from ages five through thirteen.
Children get free equipment for their online education. This includes a computer, a printer, books and technical services. Parents and students talk with teachers by telephone or by sending emails through their computers when necessary.
Students at cyberschools usually do not know one another. But 56 such students who finished studies at Western Pennsylvania Cyber Charter School recently met for the first time. They were guests of honor at their graduation.
59. What do we know from the text about students of a cyberschool?
A.They have to take long bus rides to school.
B.They study at home rather than in classrooms.
C.They receive money from traditional public schools.
D.They do well in traditional school programs.
60. What is a problem with cyberschools?
A.Their equipment costs a lot of money.
B.They get little support from the state government.
C.It is hard to know students’ progress in learning.
D.The students find it hard to make friends.
61. Cyber schools are getting popular because®_______.
A.they are less expensive for students
B.their students can work at their own speed
C.their graduates are more successful in society
D.they serve students in a wider age range
It takes two to make a quarrel.
62. We can infer that the author of the text is®_______.
A.unprejudiced in his description of cyberschools
B.excited about the future of cyberschools
C.doubtful about the quality of cyberschools
D.disappointed at the development of cyberschools
【文章大意】网络学校教育变得越来越流行，因为学生可以根据自己的学习情况来调整学习进度；同时它也有着固有的弊端，即很难知道学生的学习情况。
59. B 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一、二句可知，网络学校的学生不需要到教室去上课，而是通过家里的电脑接受教育，故B项正确。
60. C 细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句可知，网络学校很难知道学生的学习情况，故C项正确。
61. B 推理判断题。文章在第三段提到了网络学校教育的益处，即学生可以根据自己的学习情况来调整学习进度，正是由于这种优越性，网络学校教育变得越来越流行。
62. A 态度推测题。通读全文可知，作者先提出了网络学校教育这种现象，接着指出不同的人对此所持的不同态度，故作者是从客观角度进行陈述的，并没有偏见，即A项正确。
（2011•北京卷）C
Students and Technology in the Classroom
I love my blackberry—it’s my little connection to the larger world that can go anywhere with me. I also love my laptop computer， as it holds all of my writing and thought. Despite this love of technology, I know that there are times when I need to move away from these device and truly communication with others.
On occasion, I teach a course called History Matters for a group of higher education managers. My goals for the class include a full discussion of historical themes and ideas. Because I want students to thoroughly study the material and exchange their ideas with each other in the classroom, I have a rule—no laptop, ipads, phones, etc. When students were told my rule in advance of the class, some of them were not happy.
Most students assume that year reasons for this rule include unpleasant experiences in the past with students misusing technology. There’s a bit of truth to that.Some students assume that I am anti-technology. There’s no truth in that at all. I love technology and try to keep up with it so I relate to my students.
The real reason why I ask students to leave technology at the door is that I think there are very few places in which we can have deep conversions and truly engage complex ideas. Interruptions by technology often break concentration and allow for too much dependence on outside information for ideas. I want students to think differently and make connections between the course the material and the class discussion.
I’ve been teaching my history class in this way for many years and the educations reflect student satisfaction with the environment that I create. Students realize that with deep conversation and challenge, they learn at a level that helps them keep the course material beyond the classroom.
I’m not saying that I won’t ever change my mind about technology use in my history class, but until I hear a really good reason for the change, I’m sticking to my plan.
63. Some of the students in the history class were unhappy with_______.
A.the course material
B.others’ misuse of technology
C.discussion topics
D.the author’s class regulator
64. The underlined word “engage”in para.4 probably means® .
A.explore
B.accept
C.change
D.reject
65. According to the author, the use of technology in the classroom may______.
A.keep students from doing independent thinking
B.encourage students to have in-depth conversations
C.help students to better understand complex themes
D.affect students’ concentration on course evaluation
66. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the author______.
A.is quite stubborn
B.will give up teaching history
C.will change his teaching plan soon
D.values technology-free dialogues in his class
【文章大意】这是一篇夹叙夹议文，论述了作者自己上课时为什么不允许学生携带笔记本电脑等高科技产品以及这样做的好处。
63. D 细节理解题。由文章第二段内容可以得出。
64. A 细节理解题。由I think there are very few places in which we can have deep conversions and truly engage complex ideas.可知technology会影响我们的深入交流。Engage与explore探索意义表述与之为吻合。
65. A 推理判断题。Students realize that with deep conversation and challenge, they learn at a level that helps them keep the course material beyond the classroom.可以推知作者认为technology会阻碍我们的独立思考能力。
66. D 推理判断题。由文章最后一段作者深信自己的technology会影响我们的深入交流。并且坚持她的values technology-free dialogues in his class的观点。
（作者，丁月红，泰兴市第一高级中学）