【摘 要】
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目的:了解4～12岁儿童的平均睡眠时间、睡眠习惯、睡眠问题的发生率及其影响因素.方法:采用儿童睡眠习惯问卷(The Childrens Sleep Habits Questionnaire,CSHQ)及自编的一般情
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目的:了解4～12岁儿童的平均睡眠时间、睡眠习惯、睡眠问题的发生率及其影响因素.方法:采用儿童睡眠习惯问卷(The Childrens Sleep Habits Questionnaire,CSHQ)及自编的一般情况调查问卷就727例4～12岁儿童的睡眠状况对家长进行调查.结果:4-12岁儿童的平均睡眠时间为9.6±0.9小时,4-6岁组睡眠时间为10.6±0.8小时,7-9岁组睡眠时间为9.9±0.9小时,10-12岁组睡眠时间为9.2±0.9小时(P＜0.05).睡眠习惯问卷总分平均为36.8±13.6,睡眠问题的发生率为31.0%;儿童睡眠紊乱量表总分及睡眠总时间无男女差别(P＞0.05);各年龄组间(4～6岁组,7～9岁组,10～12岁组)各因子得分及总分(总分分别为42.4±14.1、34.9±12、31.8±12)有明显差异(P＜0.05);睡眠习惯问卷得分与年龄、家庭平均月收入及学习压力等因素有关(r分别为:-0.35、-0.18及0.12;P＜0.05).居住地在城市、县城、乡镇和农村的儿童CSHQ得分(年龄构成比标准化后)分别为33.4±12.1、35.0±10.7、38.9±14.0及42.1±14.5(F=67.9,df=3,P＜0.001).结论:儿童的睡眠状况无性别差异;儿童睡眠问题的发生率较高,年龄越小,睡眠问题情况越明显;农村儿童的睡眠质量较城市的要差,低收入家庭儿童的睡眠质量较高收入家庭儿童的要差.
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