模型试验是水力机械设计、研究和性能验证的基本手段和最常用的方法。为进行试验除应具备基本试验装置及模型外,还必须配置各种测量仪表(或装置)以对被测量的量进行量测。在水力机械试验中测量量主要有:流量、压力或压差、水位或水位差、转速、力矩、功率等,视具体试验对象及项目测量若干量。测量精度要求也视具体试验对象及项目而异。表1是国际标准“离心泵、混流泵和轴流泵验收试验规范—B级”中测量仪表的容许系统误差。而各单项测量的量可能误差不尽相同且随测量方法而异。表 Model tests are the basic means and the most commonly used methods for hydraulic machinery design, research and performance verification. In addition to the basic test equipment and models, various measuring instruments (or devices) must be equipped to measure the quantity to be measured. Measured in the hydraulic machinery test are: flow, pressure or pressure, water or water level difference, speed, torque, power, etc., depending on the specific test objects and projects to measure a number of. Measurement accuracy requirements also vary depending on the specific test objects and projects. Table 1 is the international standard “centrifugal pump, mixed flow pump and axial pump acceptance test specification-B” in the allowable system error of the measuring instrument. The individual measurements may have different amounts of error and vary with the measurement method. table