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本研究目的是通过辐射诱变创建春兰“叶艺”新种质,并研究其遗传机理。试验以不同剂量的~(60)Coγ射线对“叶艺”春兰品种‘雪山’带小芽植株进行辐照,对各处理植株、老芽、新芽的生长情况和性状进行观测,对新芽的‘叶艺’突变体进行了超微结构观察和遗传变异的ISSR分析。结果表明:辐照剂量为5 Gy,新芽‘叶艺’变异率达70.95%;辐射剂量为10 Gy,新芽‘叶艺’变异率达25.93%,新芽黄化苗变异率达7.14%。辐照剂量为20 Gy、30 Gy时,植株停止生长、老芽死亡,连续两年无新芽萌发。突变体出现斑缟艺、片缟艺、中斑艺、粉斑艺等高级艺,且生长性状稳定。叶片组织超微结构观察发现,正常植株、半边斑缟突变体叶片的绿色部位的叶肉细胞结构完整清晰,叶绿体数量较多,叶绿体内部片层排列有序且结构清晰;正常植株、突变体叶片的黄色部位的叶肉细胞中没有正常的叶绿体,没有基粒片层系统,只有少量细胞质、囊泡、嗜饿颗粒和线粒体;突变体的ISSR分析表明突变体DNA发生了变异。本研究的结果为高级“叶艺”春兰新种质的创建提供了参考,有很大的实用价值。
The purpose of this study was to create a new germplasm of Chunlan “Yeyi ” by radiation mutagenesis and to study its genetic mechanism. Experiments were conducted to study the growth and traits of all the treated plants, old buds and new shoots by irradiating 60Coγ rays on small-bud plants of ’YeYi’chunlan’ Snow Mountain ’ The ’Yeyi’ mutant was subjected to ISSR analysis of ultrastructural observation and genetic variation. The results showed that the mutation rate of sprout was up to 70.95% and the radiation rate was 10 Gy. The mutation rate of sprout was 25.93% and the mutation rate of sprout was 7.14%. At irradiation dose of 20 Gy and 30 Gy, the plants stopped growing and the old shoots died, and no new shoots germinated for two consecutive years. Mutant spot calamity art, film 缟 art, in the spot art, powder art and other high art, and stable growth traits. The ultrastructure observation of leaf tissue showed that the mesophyll cell structure of the green part of the normal plant and the mutant of Morinda citrifolia was complete and clear, the chloroplast number was more, the chloroplast inner layer was arranged orderly and the structure was clear. There was no normal chloroplast in the mesophyll cells, no gliacyte layer system, only a few cytoplasm, vesicles, halophilic granules and mitochondria. The ISSR analysis of the mutants showed that the mutant DNA mutated. The results of this study provide a reference for the creation of a new high-quality “Yeyi” Chunlan germplasm, which has great practical value.