调查血液系统肿瘤患儿120例,其中56例、67例次发生医院感染,其感染率46.7％,56例医院感染患儿病死率高达50％。感染部位以呼吸道感染最常见(57.1％)。感染病原菌主要为G-杆菌和真菌。化疗、激素和抗生素的应用及白细胞减少(<1.O×10~9/L)是感染增加的危险因素。血液系统肿瘤患儿发生医院感染易导致病人死亡,感染可能成为死亡的直接原因。建议今后要加强对这类病人院内感染的监测和预防。 A total of 120 children with hematological malignancies were investigated, of which 56 were hospitalized in 67 cases and the infection rate was 46.7%. The mortality of 56 hospitalized children was as high as 50%. Infected parts of the respiratory tract infection is the most common (57.1%). Infectious pathogens are mainly G-bacteria and fungi. Chemotherapy, hormones and antibiotics and leucopenia (<1.0 × 10 -9 / L) are risk factors for increased infection. Hospital-acquired infection in hematological malignancies can easily lead to death, and infection may be the direct cause of death. Recommendations in the future to strengthen the monitoring and prevention of nosocomial infections in these patients.