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过去数十年间,各国政府均致力于运用信息通信技术来提高公共管理运作能力与公众沟通能力。本文梳理了25年来公共管理领域信息通信技术运用的演进与发展,展示了电子治理的总体发展趋势。本文认为,信息通信技术已经从早期仅仅作为高度结构化行政工作的初级支持性工具,迅速转变为政府整体运作过程中不可替代的一部分。面对即将来临的大数据时代,新型管理模式、治理结构和政策框架仍然比较缺乏。对发展中国家而言,需要对电子政务利益相关主体之间及其与信息通信技术的互动关系进行系统分析,构建有利于发挥信息通信技术功效的政策制度环境。
Over the past decades, governments have been committed to using ICTs to improve their public administration capabilities and their ability to communicate with the public. This article reviews the evolution and development of the application of information and communication technologies in public administration over the past 25 years and shows the overall trend of electronic governance. This paper argues that ICT has rapidly transformed itself from an early primary supportive tool for highly structured administrative work to an irreplaceable part of the overall government operation. Faced with the upcoming big data era, new management models, governance structures and policy frameworks are still lacking. For developing countries, there is a need to conduct a systematic analysis of the interaction among the relevant stakeholders in e-government and their interaction with ICT, and to establish a policy system environment conducive to the use of ICTs.