根据语言使用的不同特点,语用现象可以分为语言语用现象与交际语用现象。文章指出,到三岁时,婴幼儿已经具备一定的语用能力,如语气、语调与表情的恰当运用等。另外,文章还分析了此阶段婴幼儿常见的语用失误类型及其产生的原因:社会文化知识的不足、婴幼儿心智的发展以及所处的语言环境。 According to the different characteristics of language use, pragmatic phenomena can be divided into pragmatic and communicative pragmatics. The article points out that by the age of three, infants and young children already have some pragmatic competence, such as tone, intonation and expression of the proper use of such. In addition, the article also analyzes the common type of pragmatic failure of infants and children in this stage and its causes: the lack of social and cultural knowledge, the development of infants and young children’s mind and the language environment.