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【目的】桃蚜Myzus persicae(Sulzer)和马铃薯长管蚜Macrosiphum euphorbiae(Thomas)是2种主要的马铃薯害虫。本研究旨在明确温度对这两种马铃薯蚜虫生长发育、存活、繁殖及种群增长的影响。【方法】在室内测定了5个温度(10,15,20,25和30℃)下桃蚜和马铃薯长管蚜的生长发育、存活和繁殖指标,并组建了4个恒温条件下(10,15,20和25℃)的实验种群生命表。【结果】在10~25℃范围内,2种蚜虫的若蚜期、世代历期、成蚜寿命和产蚜期等均随温度的升高而缩短,而30℃高温抑制了其发育、存活和繁殖。2种蚜虫的平均世代历期(T)随温度的升高而缩短,桃蚜和马铃薯长管蚜分别从10℃的30.08 d和35.35 d缩短至25℃的14.28 d和12.95 d。桃蚜的净增殖率(R0)在15℃时最高(86.00),其次为20℃(73.75),再次为25℃(62.49),最低为10℃(51.00);马铃薯长管蚜的R0在15℃最高(58.97),其次为10℃(51.98),再次为20℃(48.94),最低为25℃(12.36)。桃蚜的内禀增长率(rm)随温度的升高而增大,从最小10℃的0.1307增大到25℃的0.2896;马铃薯长管蚜的rm在20℃时最大(0.2182),其次为25℃(0.1942),再次为15℃(0.1485),最小为10℃(0.1118)。在相同的温度下,桃蚜的发育速率、净增殖率和内禀增长率均高于马铃薯长管蚜。【结论】温度对2种马铃薯蚜虫的生长发育、存活、繁殖及种群增长有显著的影响,桃蚜在马铃薯上的种群增长能力强于马铃薯长管蚜。这一结果为马铃薯蚜虫预测模型的建立奠定了必要的基础,并解释了桃蚜在马铃薯上发生数量多于马铃薯长管蚜的原因。
【Objective】 Myzus persicae (Myzus persicae) and Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) are two major potato pests. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of temperature on the growth, survival, reproduction and population growth of these two potato aphids. 【Method】 The growth, development, survival and reproduction of Myzus persicae and Myzus persicae were determined in laboratory at five temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 ℃) 15, 20 and 25 ° C). 【Result】 The results showed that in the range of 10 ~ 25 ℃, the aphids, generation ages, life span of aphids and aphid stages of two kinds of aphids shortened with the increase of temperature, while the high temperature of 30 ℃ inhibited their development and survival And breeding. The average generation period (T) of the two kinds of aphids shortened with the increase of temperature. The myzus persicae and potato aphid were shortened respectively from 30.08 d and 35.35 d at 10 ℃ to 14.28 d and 12.95 d at 25 ℃. The net reproductive rate (R0) of Myzus persicae was the highest (86.00) at 15 ℃, followed by 20 ℃ (73.75), again at 25 ℃ (62.49) and lowest at 10 ℃ (51.00) ℃ is the highest (58.97), followed by 10 ℃ (51.98), again 20 ℃ (48.94), the lowest is 25 ℃ (12.36). The intrinsic rate of increase (rm) of Myzus persicae increased with increasing temperature, increasing from 0.1307 at the lowest 10 ℃ to 0.2896 at 25 ℃. The rm of the potato aphid at 20 ℃ was the highest (0.2182), followed by 25 ° C (0.1942), again 15 ° C (0.1485) and minimum 10 ° C (0.1118). At the same temperature, the developmental rate, net reproductive rate and intrinsic rate of increase of Myzus persicae were higher than those of A. cantonensis. 【Conclusion】 Temperature had a significant effect on the growth, survival, reproduction and population growth of two kinds of potato aphids. The population growth ability of Myzus persicae on potato was stronger than that on potato aphid. This result laid the necessary foundation for the establishment of the potato aphid prediction model and explained the reason why the number of Myzus persicae was more than that of the potato aphid in potato.