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目的识别国内某大型石化企业的化学危险因素,并对其危险度进行分析与评价。方法采用现场流行病学调查方法,运用安全事故与职业病危险度评价方法对调查企业存在的主要化学危险因素、暴露情况、企业岗位设置情况、危害因素可能导致疾病或安全事故的程度和概率等信息进行调查与分析,确定化学危险因素产生危害作用的可能性。结果共调查该企业有代表性的11家直属工厂,明确了40种化学危险因素,其中硫化氢(2.5%)危害为中等危险度水平,硫酸、硝基苯等7种(17.5%)危害为低危险度水平,苯及同系物、氨等18种(45%)危害为极低危险度水平,溶剂汽油、一氧化氮等14种(35%)危害为最小危险度水平。结论通过对危害和作业场所进行危险度评价,明确了危险度较高的危害和作业场所,对企业明确危害的控制重点,合理利用资源,提高职业病危险因素的控制效率具有重要指导意义。
Objective To identify the chemical risk factors of a large petrochemical enterprise in China and to analyze and evaluate its risk. Methods The methods of on-site epidemiological investigation were used to analyze the main chemical risk factors, exposure situation, setting of enterprise positions, the degree and probability of the risk factors of diseases or accidents caused by the investigation of accidents and occupational disease risk assessment methods Conduct surveys and analyzes to determine the potential for harmful effects of chemical risk factors. Results A total of 11 representative factories were surveyed. 40 chemical risk factors were identified. Among them, the hazard of hydrogen sulfide (2.5%) was intermediate, and the hazard of 7 kinds (17.5%) of sulfuric acid and nitrobenzene was Low risk level, benzene and its homologues, ammonia and other 18 kinds (45%) of the hazards for the very low risk level, solvent gasoline, nitric oxide and other 14 kinds (35%) of the hazard as the minimum risk level. Conclusion Through the hazard assessment and risk assessment of workplaces, it is clear that the hazards and workplaces with higher risks are of great significance to the enterprises to control the key points of hazards, to make rational use of resources and to improve the control efficiency of occupational disease risk factors.