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为了把黄籽沙逊的黄籽性状同埃塞俄比亚芥菜的优良特性相结合,在对黄籽沙逊和黄籽埃塞俄比亚芥菜种间远缘杂交的基础上,开展了对种间杂种的形态鉴定、染色体倍性检测、根尖染色体制片和分子标记鉴定研究。形态学鉴定结果表明,黄籽沙逊和埃塞俄比亚芥菜真杂种外观明显不同于其父母本,处于中间类型,更多偏向于父本黄籽埃塞俄比亚芥。总共对11株黄籽沙逊与黄籽埃塞俄比亚芥菜种间杂种后代的倍性进行了检测,流式细胞仪分析结果表明,阳性植株DNA相对含量(主峰位置125)明显小于对照黄籽埃塞俄比亚芥DNA相对含量(主峰位置200),大于亲本黄籽沙逊DNA相对含量(主峰位置75)。细胞学鉴定结果表明,真杂种植株染色体为27条,为黄籽沙逊(AA,2n=20)和黄籽埃塞俄比亚芥菜(BBCC,2n=34)的单倍体染色体相加之和。分子标记鉴定结果表明,真杂种既有父本也有母本的特异性条带。以上均证实了所获得种间杂种的真实性,其包含了双亲中的遗传信息。所获得的含有芸薹属A、B和C 3个亚基因组的种间杂种可作为育种的中间材料应用到甘蓝型油菜的遗传育种研究,具有重要的理论和实践意义。
In order to combine the yellow seed characters of yellow seed with the excellent characteristics of Ethiopian mustard, based on the distant hybridization between yellow seed and Ethiopian mustard seed, the morphological identification of interspecific hybrids was carried out. The chromosome Ploidy detection, apical chromosome preparation and molecular marker identification. The results of morphological identification showed that the appearance of true yellow mustard seed and Ethiopia mustard seed were obviously different from their parental parents, and they belonged to the middle type. More preference was given to the yellow seed Ethiopian mustard. The ploidy of the interspecific hybrid progeny of 11 yellow seed plants and the yellow seed Ethiopia mustard was examined in total. The results of flow cytometry showed that the relative content of DNA in the positive plants (main peak position 125) was significantly smaller than that of the control yellow seed Ethiopian mustard DNA The relative content (main peak position 200) was larger than that of the parent XSS (peak position 75). Cytological identification results showed that there were 27 chromosomes in true hybrid plants, which were the sum of haploid chromosomes of yellow-seed (AA, 2n = 20) and yellow-seed Ethiopian mustard (BBCC, 2n = 34). The molecular marker identification results showed that the true hybrids have both male and female specific bands. The above confirms the authenticity of the interspecific hybrids obtained, which contains the genetic information of the parents. The obtained interspecific hybrids containing three subgenomic A, B and C subunits of Brassica can be used as an intermediate material for genetic breeding of Brassica napus, which has important theoretical and practical significance.