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The effects of ghrelin on the proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and the possible mechanisms were investigated in this study.3T3-L1 preadipocytes were cultured in vitro and treated with different concentrations of ghrelin.Proliferation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes was evaluated by MTT method and mRNA levels of c-myc and thymidine kinase were detected by RT-PCR.Morphological changes of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were observed and cell differentiation was measured by oil red O staining.The mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBPα) in the cells at different differentiation stages were detected by RT-PCR.The results showed that ghrelin at concentrations of 10-7 to 10-15 mol/L could significantly promote preadipocyte proliferation (P