Ⅰ、前言甘露醇是一个老药,以往不甚重用,近年来甘露醇,尿素及甘油曾被广泛选用于降低颅内压及眼内压后,又被加以重视。但由于高渗尿素付作用大,禁忌症广,制成溶液又不甚稳定;以及甘油降颅压效果不甚满意;而甘露醇由于毒性低,付作用小,使用方便,疗效卓越,故在降颅压范畴内,已立足于首位。晚近,其利尿作用亦有所发展,故已成为外科,妇产科等科室手室前、后预防和治疗肾功能衰竭的首选药物。 Ⅰ, Preface Mannitol is an old drug, which was not used very much in the past. In recent years, mannitol, urea and glycerol have been widely used to reduce intracranial pressure and intraocular pressure and have been paid attention to. However, due to the role of hypertonic urea pay, contraindications wide, made of the solution is not very stable; and glycerol less intracranial pressure effect is not satisfied; and mannitol because of low toxicity, pay small, easy to use, effective, so in Intracranial pressure range, has been based on the first place. Recently, its diuretic effect has also been developed, it has become the surgical, obstetrics and gynecology departments hand room before and after the prevention and treatment of renal failure drug of choice.