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每一门学科都以一定的哲学方法论为其出发点,基于的哲学方法论如何,必然影响其发展。一般说来,基于科学的方法论能积极推动该学科的蓬勃发展。心理学自产生起就与哲学方法论密切相关,也正是哲学方法论的多元性对心理学的影响,所以近代西方心理学史上出现了百家争鸣、派别林立、门类众生。这些不同派别都基于一定哲学,都可以找到其相应的哲学方法论的本源。冯特心理学及构造主义基于马赫主义;机能主义带有较强实用主义倾向,格式塔心理学以现象学为主要依据,行为主义的主要哲学基础是实证主义和分析学;人本主义心理学主要哲学来源于现象学和存在主义;日内瓦派带有明显的结构主义痕迹。显然,心理学研究方法论与哲学方法论不无关系。具有方法论性质的系统科学在现代心理学研究法论中更是关系密切。
Each subject takes a certain philosophical methodology as its starting point. Based on the philosophical methodology, it is bound to affect its development. In general, science-based methodologies can actively promote the thriving discipline. Psychology is closely related to philosophical methodology since it was born. It is also the influence of philosophical pluralism on psychology. Therefore, in the history of modern western psychology, there appeared a hundred schools of thought, factions and various beings. Based on a certain philosophy, all these different factions can find the origin of their respective philosophical methodologies. Wundt psychology and constructivism are based on Machism; functionalism has a strong tendency toward pragmatism; Gestalt psychology is based on phenomenology. The main philosophical foundations of behaviorism are positivism and analytics. Humanistic psychology The main philosophy comes from phenomenology and existentialism; Geneva has obvious traces of structuralism. Obviously, psychology research methodology and philosophical methodology are not unrelated. The methodology of systematic science is more closely related to the modern psychology research methodology.