侗族主要分布在黔、湘、桂交界的狭长山地中,是一个以水稻耕作和山林采伐为主要生存方式的山地民族。在长期的自然交感中,侗族社会自发形成具有社会控制功能的民间习惯法。其中,罚则就是为了保障侗族习惯法的权威和效力,保证全体社会成员统一遵循,维护正常的社会秩序,而对违反习惯法的人采取的各种处罚措施及其标准。国家的介入导致了侗族社会的革新,同时由于侗族社会自身的发展需要,在内外相互作用下,侗寨、侗族习惯法、罚则都在发生变化。但直到现在,侗族人依然以山为屏障,在观念上形塑族群的认同边界,对外来权威与观念进行“内”与“外”的区分和应对,罚则在不变与变中以特有的形式保留下来,与“送法下乡”共同起到社会控制的作用。同时,大山的稳如磐石就如传统地方性知识在侗人心中和社会实践中的作用;而大山的隔断性就如侗人心中内外区分的屏障,筑建了侗人族群文化的无形屏障。 Dongs are mainly distributed in the long, narrow mountainous areas bordering Guizhou, Hunan and Guangxi. They are a mountainous ethnic group whose main mode of living is rice farming and logging. In long-term natural sympathy, the Dong community spontaneously formed a folk customary law with social control functions. Among them, the penalty is to protect the authority and effectiveness of the Dong customary law, to ensure that all members of the community follow the uniform and safeguard the normal social order, while the penalties and standards for violations of customary law. The intervention of the state led to the reform of the Dong community. At the same time, due to the needs of the development of the Dong community, under the interaction of both inside and outside, the customary laws and penalties in the Dong and Dong communities are changing. However, until now, the Dong people still use the mountain as a barrier to shape the identity boundary of the ethnic group, to distinguish and deal with the external authority and the concept from the perspective of “foreign” Change in a unique form of retention, and “to send the law to the countryside ” together play the role of social control. At the same time, the steady rock of the mountain is just like the role of traditional local knowledge in the minds of Dong people and in social practice. The isolation of mountains, like the barrier separating the mind inside and outside the people, builds an invisible barrier to the culture of the people of the Dong people.