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为研究有不同经验的驾驶员在高速公路特长隧道环境中的视觉特性,在高速公路特长隧道中开展实车试验。利用眼动仪采集29名不同经验驾驶人的注视持续时间、注视点位置、扫视持续时间、扫视频率及扫视幅度等视觉特性参数,运用统计分析方法比较眼动行为的差异性,分析驾驶经验及驾驶环境对驾驶安全的影响。结果表明:相较于普通路段,驾驶员在特长隧道段的平均注视时间更长,注视点分布位置在水平方向更广,在垂直方向趋于集中,扫视更频繁,且扫视幅度变小;相较于非职业驾驶员,职业驾驶员在不同驾驶环境中的注视时间较短,注视点分布位置更广,扫视频率较低且扫视时间较短。
In order to study the visual characteristics of pilots with different experiences in the environment of expressway super-long tunnels, real vehicle tests were carried out in extra-long tunnels of expressways. Using the eye tracker, the visual characteristics such as the duration of gaze, the position of gaze point, the duration of saccade, the frequency of saccade and the amplitude of saccade were collected from 29 different experienced drivers. The statistical analysis was used to compare the differences of eye movement behavior and the driving experience Impact of driving environment on driving safety. The results show that compared with the ordinary road sections, the average fixation time of drivers in extra long tunnel sections is longer, the positions of fixation points are wider in the horizontal direction, tend to concentrate in the vertical direction, the glances are more frequent and the scanning amplitude is smaller. Compared with non-professional drivers, professional drivers have shorter fixation time, more fixation points, less glance frequency and shorter glance time in different driving environments.