血栓栓塞性疾病是由血栓形成和血栓栓塞两种病理过程所引起的疾病，严重威胁人类健康。抗凝药物被广泛应用于血栓栓塞性疾病的预防和治疗，传统的抗凝药包括肝素、低分子肝素、华法林，在预防和治疗血栓栓塞性疾病的有效性已被众多临床研究证实。近年来，各类新型口服抗凝药物不断涌现，如达比加群、利伐沙班、阿哌沙班和依度沙班。现对新型口服抗凝药物的分类及临床应用的研究进展做一综述。“,”Thromboembolic disease is a combination of thrombosis and thromboembolism.Anticoagulants are widely used in the pre-vention and treatment of thromboembolic disease.Traditional anticoagulants including heparin, low molecular heparin, and warfarin have been confirmed to be effective in preventing and treating thromboembolic desease by numerous clinical studies.In recent years, new oral an-ticoagulant drugs like dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban and edoxaban have emerged.This article reviews the classification of the new oral anticoagulants and the progress of their clinical application.