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本文以兴安落叶松自然分布区内16个种源8a生于代的生长、形态和适应性、抗性等性状为材料,采用方差分析,相关分析,趋势面分析等方法,研究了兴安落叶松种内地理变异的规律与模式。经向偏东,纬向偏南的小兴安岭东南部种源具有生长快,适应性强,枝叶茂盛的特点,呈现明显的经向为主,纬向为辅,经纬双向连续渐变;利用筛选的各类特征的代表性状与主要气候因子的逐步回归,分析结果表明:影响兴安落叶松种源子代变异的主要因素是水份和气温,休现了种源子代综合性状与气候因子的高度适应,反映了干湿、冷暖气候生态的变化模式。文中还根据生长性状及综合指数的选择结果,提出了帽儿山林区及毗邻地区的最佳种源为友好、乌伊岭种源。并据各类特征代表性状的PCA结果将全部参试点(16个)的兴安落叶松种源划分为四大类群(种源组):即大兴安岭北部种源组;大兴安岭中南部种源组;大小兴安岭过渡种源组和小兴安岭东南部种源组。并以小兴安岭东南部种源组为最佳种源组(包括友好、乌伊岭和鹤北种源)。
In this paper, the growth, morphology, adaptability, resistance and other traits of 16 provenances of Larix gmelinii in the natural distribution area of Larix gmelinii were used as materials. The variance analysis, correlation analysis and trend surface analysis were used to study the effects of Larix gmelinii Laws and Patterns of Geographical Variation in Species. The provenance of southeastern Xiaoxing’an Mountains in the southeastern and latitudinal directions has the characteristics of fast growth, strong adaptability and luxuriant foliage, showing obvious meridian, supplemented by latitude and two-way continuous latitude and longitude. The results showed that the main factors influencing the variation of seed progeny in Larix gmelinii were water and air temperature and the high adaptation of the comprehensive traits of progeny progeny and climatic factors , Which reflects the change pattern of wet and dry climate. According to the selection of growth traits and comprehensive index, the best provenance of Maoershan forest area and adjacent area is put forward as the friendly and Wuyiling provenance. According to the PCA results of all traits, the provenances of Larix gmelinii were divided into four groups (provenance group): the provenance group in northern Da Hinggan Mountains; the provenance group in central-southern Da Hinggan Mountains; Xiaoxing’anling transition provenance group and the southeastern Little Xing’an Mountains provenance group. And to the southeastern Xiaoxing’anling provenance group as the best source group (including friendly, Wuyiling and HeBei provenance).