提出一个基于单光子偏振的量子密钥分配方案.在这个方案里,Alice首先制备一串任意单光子态,然后发送给Bob.Bob只需对其进行一个U操作,再发回Alice.最后Alice对单光子态进行测量,即可实现量子密钥分配.此方案需要一个无噪声信道,优点在于仅仅需要单光子态,以及局域操作和单光子偏振态的测量,这些都非常易于实现.最后其安全性也是有理论保证的. Proposed a quantum key distribution scheme based on single-photon polarization.In this scheme, Alice first prepares a string of arbitrary one-photon states and then sends them to Bob.Bob only needs to perform a U operation on the key and sends Alice back. Finally, Alice Quantum key distribution is achieved by measuring the single-photon state, which requires a noise-free channel with the advantage of requiring only one-photon states and local and one-photon polarizations, all of which are very easy to implement Its security is also theoretically guaranteed.