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1970年Schumacher 报道了宫颈粘液的生物化学。此后,对宫颈粘液的生化研究又有不少进展。本文将近年来关于宫颈粘液的化学成份和物理性质、卵巢激素对宫颈粘液的化学成分和物理性质的影响、宫颈粘液的生理功能及避孕药具对宫颈粘液的影响等作一介绍,并展望宫颈粘液在生育调节中的作用。一、宫项粘液的化学成分及其周期性的变化宫颈粘液主要由宫颈内膜细胞分泌的,它含有少量的宫腔内膜液和输卵管液。宫颈内膜约有100个腺体单位,非排卵期宫颈粘液分泌很少,每天大约0.1毫升;而排卵期则显著增多,每天大约0.5毫升。宫颈粘液主要由唾液酸粘液型的糖蛋白组成,含糖量大约为75%,含蛋白25%。这类糖蛋白(也称粘蛋白)的结构为长的、连续的多肽链及许多低聚糖侧链组成,主要是半乳糖、氨基葡萄糖、岩藻糖及唾液酸。
Schumacher 1970 reported on the biochemistry of cervical mucus. Since then, a lot of progress has been made in the biochemical studies of cervical mucus. In this paper, the chemical composition and physical properties of cervical mucus in recent years, the ovarian hormone on the chemical composition and physical properties of cervical mucus, the physiological function of cervical mucus and contraceptives on the impact of cervical mucus were introduced, and look Cervical mucus Role in fertility regulation. First, the chemical elements of the palace items mucus and its periodic changes Cervical mucus is mainly secreted by the endocrine cells, which contains a small amount of endometrial fluid and tubal fluid. Cervical endometrial about 100 glands units, non-ovulation cervical mucus secretion rarely, about 0.1 ml per day; and ovulation was significantly increased, about 0.5 ml per day. Cervical mucus is mainly composed of sialic mucolytic glycoproteins with a sugar content of about 75% and protein 25%. The structure of these glycoproteins (also known as mucins) is composed of long, continuous polypeptide chains and many oligosaccharide side chains, mainly galactose, glucosamine, fucose and sialic acid.