1949年中国战胜封建主义与帝国主义,20世纪50年代将资本主义企业国有化,深刻改变了中国的经济基础结构。但毛泽东坚持认为仅仅是经济变革是远远不够的。旧体制的思想残余仍存在于社会的许多部门中。毛泽东重视文化的理论取向和新兴的西方马克思主义的影响亦相辅相成。毛泽东批评苏维埃经济模式的目的虽与西方激进思想界不同,但亦获得那些长期质疑正统马克思主义的机械经济决定论的思想家的响应。有些西方马克思主义者超越传统的经济基础——上 China defeated feudalism and imperialism in 1949, nationalized capitalist enterprises in the 1950s, and profoundly changed China's economic infrastructure. However, Mao insisted that economic change alone is not enough. The residual remnants of the old system still exist in many sectors of society. The theoretical orientation of Mao Zedong's emphasis on culture and the influence of the emerging Western Marxism also complement each other. Although Mao Zedong's objective of criticizing the Soviet economic model was different from that of the Western radical worlds, Mao Zedong also received responses from thinkers who had long questioned the mechanical-economic determinism of orthodox Marxism. Some Western Marxists go beyond the traditional economic foundations