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在真空物理中,通常假定被抽容器中的气体处于热力学的平衡态。气体温度和密度分布是均匀、各向同性的,在任何位置分子的速度分布相同。这是一种理想状态,它意味着被抽容器或是真有很大的体积、等温抽气面的面积相对容器表面积说来十分小、可以忽略抽气作用对平衡状态的干扰;或是一般抽空后密闭的等温容器的器壁不具有抽气性能。在这种平衡状态的气体中,对某一个表面的分子入射率(分子数/秒·厘米~2)与此表面的法线的取向无关,这是一般真空测量建立的基础,也是通常真空物理中一些定律赖以成立的条件。这是气体压强(P)、流量(Q)、分子密度(n)、流导(C)、抽速(S)具有明确意义的前提。
In vacuum physics, it is generally assumed that the gas in the drawn vessel is in a thermodynamic equilibrium. Gas temperature and density distribution is uniform, isotropic, the molecular velocity distribution in any location the same. This is an ideal state, which means that the volume of the container being pumped is really large. The area of the isothermal extraction area is very small relative to the surface area of the container, neglecting the interference of the extraction effect on the equilibrium state, or the general evacuation The wall of the closed airtight container does not have the pumping performance. In this state of equilibrium gas, the molecular incident rate (number of molecules / second · cm ~ 2) on a certain surface is independent of the orientation of the normal of this surface, which is the basis for the general vacuum measurement and is also usually vacuum physical Some of the conditions in the establishment of the law. This is a prerequisite that gas pressure (P), flow rate (Q), molecular density (n), conductance (C) and pumping speed (S) have definite meanings.