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目的评价温室土壤有机物污染情况,并探讨其致DNA损伤作用。方法于2010年5月,采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)法对某蔬菜大棚土壤和对照(非污染)区土壤样品中有机提取物(extractable organic matter,EOM)的主要成分进行检测分析。将40只健康10周龄清洁级雄性昆明小鼠随机分为5组,分别为阴性对照(DMSO-植物油体积比为6∶4)组、阳性对照(100 mg/kg环磷酰胺腹腔注射)组和温室土壤EOM低剂量(0.5 g/ml)、中剂量(1.5 g/ml)和高剂量(3.0g/ml)染毒组,每组8只。采用经口灌胃方式,每天一次,连续染毒4周。采用彗星试验检测小鼠外周血淋巴细胞DNA损伤。结果温室土壤样品检出的主要污染物为胺类、烷烃类、苯系物、多环芳烃和邻苯二甲酸酯类,其种类及含量均多于对照区土壤。与阴性对照组比较,1.5、3.0 g/ml EOM染毒组小鼠外周血淋巴细胞头尾光密度比以及各剂量EOM染毒组小鼠外周血淋巴细胞尾长和Olive尾矩均较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且随着EOM染毒剂量的升高,小鼠外周血淋巴细胞尾长、头尾光密度比和Olive尾矩均呈剂量依赖性升高(P<0.05)。结论温室土壤除受烷烃类和胺类等有机污染外,其多环芳烃、苯系物、烯烃类和邻苯二甲酸酯类等污染亦较严重。温室土壤EOM具有致DNA损伤作用。
Objective To evaluate the pollution of soil organic matter in greenhouse and its DNA damage. Methods In May 2010, the main constituents of extractable organic matter (EOM) in soil samples of a vegetable greenhouse and soil samples from a control (non-contaminated area) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Forty healthy 10-week-old male Kunming mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: negative control group (DMSO-vegetable oil volume ratio of 6: 4), positive control group (100 mg / kg cyclophosphamide intraperitoneal injection) And low dose EOM (0.5 g / ml), middle dose (1.5 g / ml) and high dose (3.0 g / ml) of greenhouse soil. Using oral gavage, once a day, continuous exposure for 4 weeks. Detection of DNA damage in mouse peripheral blood lymphocytes by comet assay. Results The main contaminants detected in greenhouse soil samples were amines, alkanes, benzene compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and phthalates, with more species and contents than the control soil. Compared with the negative control group, the head-tail optical density ratio of peripheral blood lymphocytes in 1.5, 3.0 g / ml EOM-treated mice and the tail length and Olive tail moment of peripheral blood lymphocytes in EOM- (P <0.05). With the increase of dose of EOM, the tail length, head-tail optical density ratio and Olive tail moment of mouse peripheral blood lymphocytes increased in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). Conclusions In addition to the organic pollution caused by alkanes and amines, the soil of greenhouse has more serious pollution such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzene series, olefins and phthalates. Greenhouse soil EOM has DNA damage.