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自主神经介导性晕厥是儿童晕厥中最常见的类型，是一种功能性心血管疾病，包括血管迷走性晕厥(vasovagal syncope，VVS)、体位性心动过速综合征(postural tachycardia syndrome，POTS)、直立性低血压(orthostatic hypotension，OH)、直立性高血压(orthostatic hypertension，OHT)、境遇性晕厥(situational syncope，SS)、颈动脉窦敏感综合征(carotid sinus syndrome，CSS)。其中以VVS及POTS为主，约占自主神经介导性晕厥患儿的95%。自主神经介导性晕厥影响儿童的日常生活和学习，威胁着患儿的身心健康，也引起家长的焦虑。因此近年来针对此病的相关研究进一步增多。该文就儿童青少年VVS、POTS、OH和OHT临床特点、临床诊断和治疗方法等相关研究进展作一综述。“,”Nerve mediated syncope is the most common type of syncope in children, which is a kind of functional cardiovascular disease, including vasovagal syncope(VVS), postural tachycardia syndrome(POTS), orthostatic hypotension(OH), orthostatic hypertension(OHT), situational syncope(SS)and carotid sinus syndrome(CSS). Among them, VVS and POTS are the main ones, accounting for about 95% of children with nerve mediated syncope.Nerve mediated syncope affects the children′s daily life, threatens their physical and mental health, and causes anxiety among the parents.Therefore, there have been lots of researches on this disease in recent years.This paper reviewes the research progress of clinical features, clinical diagnosis and treatment of VVS, POTS, OH and OHT in children and adolescents.