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天人之辩发端于先秦,展开于传统哲学的整个演进过程。多年来,人们往往习惯于把中国哲学史上的天人关系论概括为“天人合一”,或者将其作为传统的智慧而加以肯定,或者视为消极的遗产而加以否定。这种观点虽然触及了问题的某一方面,但未免有以偏慨全之蔽。事实上,中国古典哲学对天人关系的思考,并非仅仅循沿某种单一的模式。就总体而言,中国哲学对天人关系的看法,大致有两种不同的传统。二者基本上形成于先秦,其主要代表分别为思孟与荀子。
The debate between heaven and man originated in the pre-Qin period and started the whole evolution of traditional philosophy. Over the years, people have often been accustomed to generalizing the theory of Heaven-human relationship in the history of Chinese philosophy as “harmony between man and nature”, or affirming it as traditional wisdom or as negative heritage. Although this point of view touches on a certain aspect of the problem, it is unavoidable that it should be partial. In fact, the thinking of the Chinese classical philosophy on the relationship between man and nature does not follow a single model. On the whole, there are roughly two different traditions about the Chinese philosophical view of the relationship between man and nature. The two basically formed in the pre-Qin period, whose main representatives were Si Meng and Xun Zi respectively.