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一乾隆、嘉庆时代川楚白莲教的反清斗争失败以后,嘉庆十八年(1813年)华北地区又掀起了林清、李文成领导的天理教反清起义。这次起义就是在川楚白莲教起义的影响下发展起来的。天理教即八卦教,为白莲教的一个支派。他们的活动地区主要是冀、晋、豫、鲁四省。这种教派中也有着许多用为宣传的经卷等物和用为信徒修持的一些仪节。如他们的一种经典是《三佛应劫统观通书》(一作《三佛应劫书》),凡二卷,据说这是一种用“红布包扎”的抄本,后来从林清家墙穴内
In the 18th year of Jiaqing (1813), after the defeat of the anti-Qing struggle of Chuanchuolian in the Qianlong era during the Qianlong era and the Jiaqing era, the anti-Qing rebellion of the Tianjing religion led by Lin Qing and Li Wencheng was launched in North China. This uprising was developed under the influence of the Chuan Chu White Lotus uprising. God taught that the Eight Diagrams teach, as a tribe of White Lotus. The main areas of their activities are Hebei, Shanxi, Henan and Shandong provinces. There are also many rituals used in this denomination for propaganda and some rituals practiced as believers. If one of their classic is “Three Buddhism robbery concept through the book” (a “Three Buddha should be robbed book”), where two volumes, it is said that this is a “red cloth bandage,” the transcript, and later from Lin Qing Wall hole