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目的:反映传统毒品海洛因流行区兰州市合成毒品滥用的真实状况,并就其与登记数据之间形成落差的原因进行分析。方法:编制《合成毒品使用情况调查表1》及《合成毒品使用情况调查表2》。调查表1主要了解滥用合成毒品行为及未被登记的原因;调查表2主要了解以滥用合成毒品为中心的行为特点。结果:在兰州市375例调查对象中,使用过合成毒品的药物滥用者占42.9%。合成毒品滥用被掩盖在多药滥用中。比较发现,海洛因的平均滥用频率是冰毒的6.5倍,平均花费是冰毒的3倍。冰毒滥用者更倾向于在住所外滥用药物,且超过一半与同伴在一起。海洛因滥用者的离婚率是冰毒滥用者的5.7倍。冰毒滥用者的在业率是海洛因滥用者的2.8倍。单纯滥用冰毒者有两个显著的行为特点:滥用呈发作性,一般是在一个月中的某几天集中滥用,然后缓解:较少通过诈骗、盗窃、以贩养吸等违法途径获取毒资。结论:在合成毒品流行的大趋势下,作为传统毒品流行区的兰州并没有独善其身,而是处于一个转变时期,即由阿片类滥用为主逐渐转向以合成毒品滥用为主。与国内其他地区相比,就流行趋势而言,只有滥用程度上的区别,不存在“孤岛效应”。
Objective: To reflect the real situation of abuse of synthetic drugs in Lanzhou, a traditional drug-heroin epidemic area, and to analyze the reasons for the gap between it and registration data. Methods: Compilation of “Synthetic Drug Use Questionnaire 1” and “Synthetic Drug Use Questionnaire 2”. Questionnaire 1 mainly deals with the abuse of synthetic drugs and the reasons for not being registered. Questionnaire 2 mainly focuses on behavioral characteristics centered on the abuse of synthetic drugs. Results: Of the 375 subjects surveyed in Lanzhou City, drug abusers using synthetic drugs accounted for 42.9%. Synthetic drug abuse is covered in multiple abuse. The average frequency of heroin abuse was 6.5 times that of methamphetamine and 3 times the average cost of methamphetamine. People who abuse methamphetamine tend to abuse drugs outside their homes and more than half are with their peers. The divorce rate of heroin abusers is 5.7 times that of methamphetamine abusers. The current rate of abuse of methamphetamine is 2.8 times that of heroin abusers. There are two notable behavioral characteristics of methamphetamine abuse alone: abusive use of abuse, concentrated abuses on days of the month, and then easing: less access to drugs through fraudulent, theft, trafficking and other illegal means. Conclusion: Under the general tendency of the synthetic drug epidemic, Lanzhou, as a traditional drug-endemic area, is not unique in its own right, but is in a period of transition. From the abuse of opioids, Lanzhou gradually turns to the abuse of synthetic drugs. Compared with other parts of the country, in terms of fashion trends, only the difference in the extent of abuse does not exist, “islanding effect”.