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【目的】了解云南居民区鼠类寄生蚤的群落结构和空间分布特征。【方法】根据云南不同经纬度、海拔等自然环境条件,于2007年4月-2012年11月,选取云南17个县(市)居民区作为样区,系统开展鼠类体外寄生蚤的调查,运用群落结构指标对居民区鼠类寄生蚤的群落特征和沿环境梯度的空间分布进行研究。【结果】结果显示:在调查的17个县(市)室内共检获鼠类体外寄生蚤521头,隶属4科7亚科9属12种。居民区寄生蚤的纬度和垂直分布类似,低纬度和低海拔范围的种类相对较少,印鼠客蚤和缓慢细蚤是室内寄生蚤的优势种。相对纬度和海拔较高的区域,居民区寄生蚤种类增多,但优势种不突出;在经度水平分布上,蚤种类于99°~101°E经度带形成一个高峰,室内寄生的优势种印鼠客蚤和缓慢细蚤几乎在所有经度带都可见到分布,显示了较宽的生态幅。另外,居民区寄生蚤物种丰富度和多样性指数水平分布(纬度)和垂直分布呈现为单峰格局,总体显示随着纬度和海拔的升高,先升高后降低的分布特征,而在另一个水平分布(经度),则呈现由西向东呈递减的趋势。【结论】研究认为,云南居民区蚤类的空间分布表现为独特的地理区域特征,气候环境、森林植被和人类生活生产方式通过影响蚤类栖息生境来影响蚤类的分布。
【Objective】 The objective of this study is to understand the community structure and spatial distribution characteristics of parasitoid rhesus in Yunnan residential area. 【Method】 According to different latitude, longitude, altitude and other natural environmental conditions in Yunnan from April 2007 to November 2012, 17 counties (cities) in Yunnan were selected as sample areas to investigate the parasitic fleas of rodents Community structure indicators of residential area rodents fleas community characteristics and spatial distribution along the gradient of the study. 【Result】 The results showed that 521 rhesus parasites were seized in 17 counties (cities) under investigation, belonging to 12 genera, 9 genera, 4 families, 7 subfamilies. Parasitic fleas in residential areas have similar latitudinal and vertical distributions, but relatively few species at low latitudes and low altitudes, and the dominant species of indoor parasitic fleas is Indian fleas and slow fleas. Relatively latitude and altitude of the area, the residential area of parasitic fleas species increased, but the dominant species is not prominent; in the longitude distribution, the flea species in the 99 ° ~ 101 ° E longitude band to form a peak, the indoor parasitic dominant species Passenger fleas and slow fleas were visible in almost all longitudes, showing a wide range of ecological amplitude. In addition, the horizontal distribution (latitude) and vertical distribution of species richness and diversity index of parasitoid flea in residential areas showed a unimodal pattern, showing the distribution characteristics of first increase and then decrease with the increase of latitude and altitude, A horizontal distribution (longitude) shows a decreasing trend from west to east. 【Conclusion】 The study suggests that the spatial distribution of fleas in Yunnan residential areas is characterized by unique geographical features. The climate environment, forest vegetation and human living modes affect the distribution of fleas by affecting habitats of fleas.