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目的了解陕西省咸阳市5岁以下(含5岁)健康儿童风疹、麻疹、脊髓灰质炎(简称脊灰)、甲型肝炎(简称甲肝)免疫效果,为提高该年龄段儿童的免疫屏障提供参考依据。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测704例5岁以下健康儿童血清中风疹、麻疹、脊灰、甲肝Ig G抗体,计算并分层分析4种抗体的保护率。结果脊灰抗体阳性率为95.9%,麻疹抗体阳性率为98.6%,风疹抗体阳性率为93.9%,甲肝抗体阳性率为95.2%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=29.931,P<0.01);男女不同性别4种抗体阳性率差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05);根据年龄段分层,≤1岁年龄组脊灰抗体阳性率最低(86.9%)(P<0.05),≤1岁年龄组甲肝抗体阳性率也最低(88.1%)(P<0.05);根据各县区分层分析,脊灰、风疹、甲肝抗体阳性率在全市13县区差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);麻疹抗体阳性率在13县区间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),泾阳县(94.0%)、秦都区(94.0%)、淳化县(96.0%)和旬邑县(96.0%)有待进一步提高。结论咸阳市5岁以下健康儿童针对脊灰、麻疹、风疹及甲肝的免疫规划工作取得一定成效,但仍存在一定的不足,应继续开展传染病抗体定期监测,进一步巩固计免工作的成绩。
Objective To understand the immune effects of rubella, measles, poliomyelitis (polio) and hepatitis A (hepatitis A) in healthy children under 5 years of age in Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province, and provide reference for improving the immunological barrier of children in this age group. in accordance with. Methods The serum anti-rubella, measles, poliovirus and IgA antibodies of 704 healthy children under 5 years of age were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the protection rates of four antibodies were calculated and analyzed by stratification. The positive rate of measles antibody was 95.6%, the positive rate of measles antibody was 98.6%, the positive rate of rubella antibody was 93.9% and the positive rate of hepatitis A antibody was 95.2% (χ ~ 2 = 29.931, P <0.01) There was no significant difference in the positive rates of four antibodies between men and women with different sex (all P> 0.05). According to age stratification, the positive rate of poliovirus in patients ≤1 years old was the lowest (86.9%) (P <0.05), ≤ The positive rate of hepatitis A antibody in the 1-year-old group was also the lowest (88.1%) (P <0.05). According to the stratified analysis in each county, there was no significant difference in the positive rates of polio, rubella and hepatitis A antibody among the 13 counties in the city (P> 0.05). The positive rate of measles antibody in 13 counties was statistically significant (P <0.05), in Jingyang county (94.0%), Qindu district (94.0%), Chunhua county (96.0%) and Xunyi county %) Needs to be further improved. Conclusion In Xianyang City, children under 5 years of age have achieved some success in immunization planning for polio, measles, rubella and hepatitis A, but there are still some shortcomings. It is necessary to continue to carry out regular surveillance of infectious disease antibodies to further consolidate the achievements of exemption from work.