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【目的】探讨早产的常见危险因素与母婴结局的关系。【方法】回顾性分析138例早产的临床资料，与同期足月分娩的138例相比较，分析引起早产的危险因素，并对不同孕周组的母婴结局进行比较。【结果】胎膜早破、未作产前检查和妊娠期高血压疾病是造成早产的高危因素，与足月组比较差异均有统计学意义（ P ＜0．05）。不同孕周早产组在低体质量儿、新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征、Apgar评分＜7分的比率及新生儿病死率方面比较差异具有显著性（P＜0．05）；而对母亲的影响差异不显著（P＞0．05）。【结论】早产的发生与多种因素相关，胎龄越小、体质量越轻，其病死率和并发症越高；加强孕期保健，重视产前检查对新生儿结局意义重大。“,”[Objective]To explore the relationship of common risk factors with maternal and child outcome in premature delivery .[Methods]Clinical data of 138 premature cases were analyzed retrospectively ,and compared with 138 full-term cases .The risk factors of premature delivery were analyzed .The maternal and child outcome was compared among the groups with different gestational weeks .[Results]Premature rupture of membranes ,no prenatal examination and pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome were the high risk factors of premature deliv-ery ,and there was significant difference between premature group and full-term group( P < 0 .05) .There were significant differences in the incidence of low birth weight infant ,neonatal respiratory distress syndrome ,Apgar score<7 and neonatal mortality among premature groups with different gestational weeks ( P0 .05) .[Conclusion]There are many factors related to the occurrence of preterm birth .The smaller gestational age and the lighter weight are ,the higher the mortality and complications are .Strengthening pregnancy health care and paying attention to prenatal care are important for neonatal outcome .