水稻花药离体培养,成功地诱发了单倍体(Niizeki和Onoo,1968)和多倍体(Nishi等,1969,陈英等,1974,Niizeki和Onoo,1975,褚启人等,1983)。离体诱导的水稻四倍体和单倍体,分蘖少,植株矮化,花序伸出不完全,颖壳有芒,育性差(章振华,1983)。然而,同源四倍体和单倍体花粉无性系高度纯合,具有非孟德尔遗传的某些特征,是遗传研究的基础材料。用四倍体和单倍体 Rice anther culture in vitro successfully induced haploid (Niizeki and Onoo, 1968) and polyploidy (Nishi et al., 1969, Chen et al., 1974, Niizeki and Onoo, 1975, Chu et al., 1983). In vitro induced tetraploid and haploid rice, less tillers, dwarf plants, incomplete inflorescences, mantle with awn, poor fertility (Zhang Zhenhua, 1983). However, autotetraploid and haploid pollen clones are highly homozygous with some features of non-Mendelian inheritance and are the basic materials for genetic research. With tetraploid and haploid