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β_2微球蛋白(β_2-Microglobulin,简称β_2M)是正常血清中定量存在的小分子蛋白,首先由 Friberg(1950)自镉中毒患者尿中发现,继而由 Berggard 提纯、鉴定理化性质,蛋白分子量为11,600。1973年 Cunnighan等测定β_2M 分子一级结构由100个氨基酸残基和一个内链性二硫键构成的57个残基的环形多肽链。由于氨基酸排列顺序与免疫球蛋白重链的恒定片断相同,从而引起免疫学界很大兴趣。目前已知β_2M 是 HLA 的轻链,它通过共价键与另一条带糖基的重链(分子量43,000)
β_2-Microglobulin (β_2M) is a small, quantitative protein present in normal serum. It was first found in the urine of patients with cadmium poisoning by Friberg (1950), followed by Berggard purification to identify physicochemical properties with a molecular weight of 11,600 In 1973, Cunnighan et al. Determined a 57-residue circular polypeptide chain consisting of a 100-amino acid residue and an internal-chain disulfide bond in the primary structure of the β_2M molecule. Since the amino acid sequence is the same as the constant fragment of immunoglobulin heavy chain, it is of great interest to the immunology community. It is currently known that β 2 M is an HLA light chain that is covalently linked to another glycosylated heavy chain (molecular weight 43,000)