视神经乳头的色素肿瘤是1851年Helmholtz采用检眼镜检查之后很快被认识的。1853年,Van Tright首次在临床上观察到了视乳头的色素沉着。其后不久,Mueller Qgawa等各自发表了临床和组织病理报告。Liebreich(1863年)和Von Jaeger(1869年)用他们典型的眼底检查图阐明了视神经乳头的色素病变。早期的一些研究者鉴别了哺乳动物和爬行动物的视乳头色素沉着的区别,认为均是生理性的。而在人类这种视乳头色素沉着大多是病理性的。Berger提出筛板层是巩膜板层(内层),和脉络膜板层(外层)所构成。后者是周围脉络膜层的延续,这层包含脉络膜黑色素细胞。在色素含量较高的人及许多先天性眼内黑变病的病人在脉络膜板层组织中经常可以见到脉络膜黑色素细胞。Berger认为脉络膜 Optic papilla pigmented tumors were quickly recognized by ophthalmoscopy in Helmholtz in 1851. In 1853, Van Tright first clinically observed papillae pigmentation. Shortly thereafter, Mueller Qgawa et al. Published clinical and histopathological reports. Liebreich (1863) and Von Jaeger (1869) used their typical fundus examination to elucidate the pigmentary lesions of the optic nerve head. Earlier researchers identified the difference between the pigmented papillae in mammals and reptiles as being physiologically. In humans, papilledema is mostly pathological. Berger suggested that the sieve layer is composed of the scleral layer (inner layer) and the choroidal layer (outer layer). The latter is a continuation of the surrounding choroid layer, which contains choroidal melanocytes. Choroidal melanocytes are often seen in choroidal laminae in patients with high pigmentation and in many patients with congenital intraocular melanosis. Berger thinks choroid