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一、 单词例解
1． conflict
n. 冲突；抵触；不一致；分歧。例如：
This is an irreconcilable conflict.这是一个不可调和的矛盾。
Armed conflict is likely to break out between the two countries.这两国间有可能发生武装冲突。
vi. 矛盾, 冲突。例如：
The hours of the two meetings conflict.这两个会议时间冲突。
【搭配】 come into conflict with与……冲突；与……相矛盾
in conflict with 与……斗争；与……相抵触
2． argument
n. (1) 理由；论据。例如：
There are many arguments against smoking.有许多理由反对吸烟。
This argument, however, does not hold water.但是，这种观点是站不住脚的。
(2) 说服。例如：
We must settle the issue by argument but not by fighting.我们应当用说服而不是用打架来解决问题。
(3) 争论；争吵。例如：
The argument among the two parties was blown up by the press.双方的争论被新闻媒体夸大了。
We had an argument about politics.我们就政治展开了争论。
【搭配】 get into an argument with与……发生争论fall into an argument with与……发生争论put forward an argument提出论点
【拓展】 argue sb. into / out of doing sth.说服某人做/不做……
argue with sb. about / over sth.为某事与某人争吵
argue for sth. 赞成某事argue against sth. 反对某事
3． major
adj. (1) 较大的；较多的；（同姓学生中）较为年长的。例如：
The house needs major repairs. 这幢房子需要大修。
Brown major 大布朗
(2) 主要的；重要的；一流的。例如：
He is a major writer.他是位大作家。
(3) 主修的。例如：
Her major subject is chemistry.她的主修学科是化学。
vi. 主修[(+ in)]
Alice majors in physics. 艾丽丝主修物理学。
4． purpose
n. (1) 目的；意图。例如：
What is the purpose of his visit?他来访的目的是什么?
His only purpose in life is to help the poor. 他人生唯一目标是去帮助穷人。
(2) 用途；效用；效果。例如：
The purpose of a trap is to catch and hold animals.陷阱是用来捕捉野兽的。
【搭配】 on purpose故意地 for / with the purpose of doing sth.为了某事；目的在于做某事
5． similar
adj. 相像的；相仿的；类似的。例如：
They had similar views. 他们意见相似。
My view is similar to yours. 我的看法与你的相似。
【搭配】 be similar to与……相似be similar in在……方面相似
His problem is similar to yours. 他的问题和你的相似。
Our cars are similar in color.我们车子的颜色相似。
二、 短语精析
1. dress up盛装；打扮；装饰
You don’t need to dress up for this dinner. 你不必为这次宴会而打扮。
She was dressed up in her Sunday best.她身着节日盛装。
The little girl dressed herself up as an angel. 这小女孩把自己装扮成天使。
【拓展】 dress oneself / sb. up把某人（自己）打扮起来；给某人（自己）穿衣服
dress up as 装扮成；打扮成
2. have ... in common有……共同之处
They found they had a lot in common and got on well. 他们发现有很多共同之处，而且相处得很好。
Although they are twins, they have nothing in common. 虽然他们是双胞胎，却没有一点共同之处。
【拓展】 in common with和……一样
In common with most American people, he enjoys football.他与大多数美国人一样,喜欢橄榄球运动。
3. for oneself为自己
She kept the largest apple for herself.她把最大的苹果留给他自己。
The shop assistant didn’t give me the right change, but kept five pounds for himself. 营业员没有找给我该找的零钱，而是自己留下了5英镑。
【拓展】 by oneself 独自地; 单独地 in oneself本身；亲自 of oneself自发地；自动地come to oneself 苏醒过来；醒悟过来
4. believe in信仰；信任
We believe in him.我们信任他。
Do you believe in ghosts?你相信有鬼吗?
【辨析】 believe in与believe
believe指相信某人所说的话或某件事，可接名词、代词、从句等；believe in指信任某人的品质或信仰某一宗教、真理等，后接名词或代词。
I don’t believe what you have said because I don’t believe in you. 我不信你说的话，因为我不信任你。
5. give away赠送；分发；泄露
She gave away all her money to the poor. 她把钱都送给穷人了。
His accent gave him away as a northerner.他的口音让人听出他是北方人。
【拓展】 give back归还give in递交；呈送；屈服give off放出；散发出give up投降；停止；放弃give out分发；用尽；公布
6. play a trick on sb.开某人玩笑；欺骗某人
I never thought he played a trick on me.我从没想到他会欺骗我。
Though he knew they were playing a trick on him, he pretended not to notice it. 尽管他知道他们是在捉弄他，可他佯装不知道。
【拓展】 laugh at嘲笑make fun of嘲笑；取笑make a fool of愚弄
7． take in让……进入；接受；欺骗
The club took in a new member last week.俱乐部上星期又吸收了一名新会员。
The salesmen have taken in the old people and tempted them to buy their poor quality goods. 那些售货员欺骗老年人，让他们购买劣质的商品。
三、 句式点睛
1. Kwanzaa is a seven-day festival celebrating the culture and history of African Americans. 宽扎节为期7天，是一个庆祝非裔美洲人的文化与历史的节日。
现在分词短语celebrating the culture and history of African Americans在句中作定语，修饰festival。现在分词短语作定语时通常位于被修饰的名词之后，表示它所修饰的名词正在进行的动作, 与所修饰的词有逻辑上的主谓关系，它在作用上相当于一个定语从句。例如：
The girl standing by her mother（who was standing by her mother） looked very timid. 站在她妈妈旁边的那个女孩看上去很胆小。
The meeting being held (which is being held) now is very important.正在召开的这个会议很重要。
单个现在分词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词前面，如果被修饰的词是something、anything、anyone、everyone 等不定代词，现在分词要放在它们的后面。
This is an exciting story.这是一个令人兴奋的故事。
Is there anything interesting in the news?有没有有趣的新闻？
【体味高考】
(1) The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket_____the desert. （NMET 2006 湖南卷）
A. covering
B. covered
C. cover
D. to cover
(2) The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the________. (NMET 1999上海)
A. 20 dollars remained
B. 20 dollars to remain
C. remained 20 dollars
D. remaining 20 dollars
Keys: (1) A(2) D
2． The festivals were a way to celebrate history and culture, as well as the New Year.这些节日是纪念历史文化和庆祝新年的一种方法。
as well as常用来连接两个并列的成分，作“也，还”解。相当于not only．．．but also，但强调是前者，后者只是顺便提及，因此连接并列主语时，谓语动词与前者一致；而用not only ．．． but also ．．． 连接时，谓语动词与后者一致。例如：
It is important for you as well as for me. 这对我很重要，对你也一样。
We should travel by night as well as by day. 我们不但白天旅行，而且晚上也旅行。
His children as well as his wife were invited to the party. ＝ Not only his wife but also his children were invited to the party. 不但他的太太，而且连他的孩子们都被邀请去参加聚会。
as well as还可用来表示同级比较，引导比较状语从句。well在句中作表语或状语，指身体、气色上的“一样好”，或修饰行为动词，表示“把某事做得一样好”。例如：
You look as well as you did ten years ago．你的身体看起来还和十年前一样好。
He plays the guitar as well as you．他的吉他弹得和你一样好。
此外as well as和as well都有“也；还”之意，但是as well as是连词，连接两个并列成分；as well是副词，意为“又；另外也”，其后不跟什么成分。又如：
Give me those as well.把那些也给我吧。
He sent me a letter and some money as well. 他寄给我一封信及一些钱。
【体味高考】
(1) John plays football________, if not better than David. (NMET 1994)
A. as well
B. as well as
C. so well as
D. so well
【解析】 该题考查副词的同级比较，题干中加入了省略形式的插入语 (if not better than)后，加大了迷惑性。如果把插入语if not better than去掉，简化为John plays football
David. 此时答案就一目了然，选B。
(2) E-mail, as well as telephones,__________an important part in daily communication.
(NMET 1999上海)
A. is playing
B. have played
C. are playing
D. play
【解析】 答案为A。as well as连接并列主语时，谓语动词与前者一致，因此本句的主语是 E?鄄mail不是telephones。
3． It is not a sad day, but rather a time to celebrate the cycle of life.这不是悲伤的一天，而是庆祝生命轮回的一刻。
rather在句中用作副词，意思是“更为情愿的”。rather用作此意思时，常用于would rather do sth.(宁愿做某事)，rather than(而不是)结构以及would rather do sth. (than do sth.) / would rather sb. did sth.等结构。例如：
I would rather you came tomorrow than today. 我宁愿你明天来，而不要今天来。
I would stay at home than go to see the film with him.我宁愿呆在家里也不愿和他去看电影。
句中的not ... but rather...表示“不是……而是……”。例如：
The conference didn’t deal with the plan, but rather something else.这次会议没有讨论计划，而是处理了一些别的事情。
【体味高考】
To enjoy the scenery, Irene would rather spend long hours on the train_______travel by air. （NMET 2004全国）
A. as
B. to
C. than
D. while
【解析】 C。考查would rather do sth. than do sth.结构。
4. We must do as much as we can to make our community better and more beautiful.我们必须努力使我们的社区更好更美。
句子中的to make our community better and more beautiful是不定式作目的状语，as we can后省略了实义动词do，因为其前已有动词do。例如：
His parents did as much as they could to help him.他的父母尽可能地帮助他。
You must do everything you can to solve the problem.你必须尽力解决这个问题。
I will do what I can to help you.我将尽力来帮助你。
The Chinese people will do as much as they can to hold the 2008 Olympic Games successfully.中国人民将竭尽全力承办好2008年奥运会。
1． conflict
n. 冲突；抵触；不一致；分歧。例如：
This is an irreconcilable conflict.这是一个不可调和的矛盾。
Armed conflict is likely to break out between the two countries.这两国间有可能发生武装冲突。
vi. 矛盾, 冲突。例如：
The hours of the two meetings conflict.这两个会议时间冲突。
【搭配】 come into conflict with与……冲突；与……相矛盾
in conflict with 与……斗争；与……相抵触
2． argument
n. (1) 理由；论据。例如：
There are many arguments against smoking.有许多理由反对吸烟。
This argument, however, does not hold water.但是，这种观点是站不住脚的。
(2) 说服。例如：
We must settle the issue by argument but not by fighting.我们应当用说服而不是用打架来解决问题。
(3) 争论；争吵。例如：
The argument among the two parties was blown up by the press.双方的争论被新闻媒体夸大了。
We had an argument about politics.我们就政治展开了争论。
【搭配】 get into an argument with与……发生争论fall into an argument with与……发生争论put forward an argument提出论点
【拓展】 argue sb. into / out of doing sth.说服某人做/不做……
argue with sb. about / over sth.为某事与某人争吵
argue for sth. 赞成某事argue against sth. 反对某事
3． major
adj. (1) 较大的；较多的；（同姓学生中）较为年长的。例如：
The house needs major repairs. 这幢房子需要大修。
Brown major 大布朗
(2) 主要的；重要的；一流的。例如：
He is a major writer.他是位大作家。
(3) 主修的。例如：
Her major subject is chemistry.她的主修学科是化学。
vi. 主修[(+ in)]
Alice majors in physics. 艾丽丝主修物理学。
4． purpose
n. (1) 目的；意图。例如：
What is the purpose of his visit?他来访的目的是什么?
His only purpose in life is to help the poor. 他人生唯一目标是去帮助穷人。
(2) 用途；效用；效果。例如：
The purpose of a trap is to catch and hold animals.陷阱是用来捕捉野兽的。
【搭配】 on purpose故意地 for / with the purpose of doing sth.为了某事；目的在于做某事
5． similar
adj. 相像的；相仿的；类似的。例如：
They had similar views. 他们意见相似。
My view is similar to yours. 我的看法与你的相似。
【搭配】 be similar to与……相似be similar in在……方面相似
His problem is similar to yours. 他的问题和你的相似。
Our cars are similar in color.我们车子的颜色相似。
二、 短语精析
1. dress up盛装；打扮；装饰
You don’t need to dress up for this dinner. 你不必为这次宴会而打扮。
She was dressed up in her Sunday best.她身着节日盛装。
The little girl dressed herself up as an angel. 这小女孩把自己装扮成天使。
【拓展】 dress oneself / sb. up把某人（自己）打扮起来；给某人（自己）穿衣服
dress up as 装扮成；打扮成
2. have ... in common有……共同之处
They found they had a lot in common and got on well. 他们发现有很多共同之处，而且相处得很好。
Although they are twins, they have nothing in common. 虽然他们是双胞胎，却没有一点共同之处。
【拓展】 in common with和……一样
In common with most American people, he enjoys football.他与大多数美国人一样,喜欢橄榄球运动。
3. for oneself为自己
She kept the largest apple for herself.她把最大的苹果留给他自己。
The shop assistant didn’t give me the right change, but kept five pounds for himself. 营业员没有找给我该找的零钱，而是自己留下了5英镑。
【拓展】 by oneself 独自地; 单独地 in oneself本身；亲自 of oneself自发地；自动地come to oneself 苏醒过来；醒悟过来
4. believe in信仰；信任
We believe in him.我们信任他。
Do you believe in ghosts?你相信有鬼吗?
【辨析】 believe in与believe
believe指相信某人所说的话或某件事，可接名词、代词、从句等；believe in指信任某人的品质或信仰某一宗教、真理等，后接名词或代词。
I don’t believe what you have said because I don’t believe in you. 我不信你说的话，因为我不信任你。
5. give away赠送；分发；泄露
She gave away all her money to the poor. 她把钱都送给穷人了。
His accent gave him away as a northerner.他的口音让人听出他是北方人。
【拓展】 give back归还give in递交；呈送；屈服give off放出；散发出give up投降；停止；放弃give out分发；用尽；公布
6. play a trick on sb.开某人玩笑；欺骗某人
I never thought he played a trick on me.我从没想到他会欺骗我。
Though he knew they were playing a trick on him, he pretended not to notice it. 尽管他知道他们是在捉弄他，可他佯装不知道。
【拓展】 laugh at嘲笑make fun of嘲笑；取笑make a fool of愚弄
7． take in让……进入；接受；欺骗
The club took in a new member last week.俱乐部上星期又吸收了一名新会员。
The salesmen have taken in the old people and tempted them to buy their poor quality goods. 那些售货员欺骗老年人，让他们购买劣质的商品。
三、 句式点睛
1. Kwanzaa is a seven-day festival celebrating the culture and history of African Americans. 宽扎节为期7天，是一个庆祝非裔美洲人的文化与历史的节日。
现在分词短语celebrating the culture and history of African Americans在句中作定语，修饰festival。现在分词短语作定语时通常位于被修饰的名词之后，表示它所修饰的名词正在进行的动作, 与所修饰的词有逻辑上的主谓关系，它在作用上相当于一个定语从句。例如：
The girl standing by her mother（who was standing by her mother） looked very timid. 站在她妈妈旁边的那个女孩看上去很胆小。
The meeting being held (which is being held) now is very important.正在召开的这个会议很重要。
单个现在分词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词前面，如果被修饰的词是something、anything、anyone、everyone 等不定代词，现在分词要放在它们的后面。
This is an exciting story.这是一个令人兴奋的故事。
Is there anything interesting in the news?有没有有趣的新闻？
【体味高考】
(1) The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket_____the desert. （NMET 2006 湖南卷）
A. covering
B. covered
C. cover
D. to cover
(2) The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the________. (NMET 1999上海)
A. 20 dollars remained
B. 20 dollars to remain
C. remained 20 dollars
D. remaining 20 dollars
Keys: (1) A(2) D
2． The festivals were a way to celebrate history and culture, as well as the New Year.这些节日是纪念历史文化和庆祝新年的一种方法。
as well as常用来连接两个并列的成分，作“也，还”解。相当于not only．．．but also，但强调是前者，后者只是顺便提及，因此连接并列主语时，谓语动词与前者一致；而用not only ．．． but also ．．． 连接时，谓语动词与后者一致。例如：
It is important for you as well as for me. 这对我很重要，对你也一样。
We should travel by night as well as by day. 我们不但白天旅行，而且晚上也旅行。
His children as well as his wife were invited to the party. ＝ Not only his wife but also his children were invited to the party. 不但他的太太，而且连他的孩子们都被邀请去参加聚会。
as well as还可用来表示同级比较，引导比较状语从句。well在句中作表语或状语，指身体、气色上的“一样好”，或修饰行为动词，表示“把某事做得一样好”。例如：
You look as well as you did ten years ago．你的身体看起来还和十年前一样好。
He plays the guitar as well as you．他的吉他弹得和你一样好。
此外as well as和as well都有“也；还”之意，但是as well as是连词，连接两个并列成分；as well是副词，意为“又；另外也”，其后不跟什么成分。又如：
Give me those as well.把那些也给我吧。
He sent me a letter and some money as well. 他寄给我一封信及一些钱。
【体味高考】
(1) John plays football________, if not better than David. (NMET 1994)
A. as well
B. as well as
C. so well as
D. so well
【解析】 该题考查副词的同级比较，题干中加入了省略形式的插入语 (if not better than)后，加大了迷惑性。如果把插入语if not better than去掉，简化为John plays football
David. 此时答案就一目了然，选B。
(2) E-mail, as well as telephones,__________an important part in daily communication.
(NMET 1999上海)
A. is playing
B. have played
C. are playing
D. play
【解析】 答案为A。as well as连接并列主语时，谓语动词与前者一致，因此本句的主语是 E?鄄mail不是telephones。
3． It is not a sad day, but rather a time to celebrate the cycle of life.这不是悲伤的一天，而是庆祝生命轮回的一刻。
rather在句中用作副词，意思是“更为情愿的”。rather用作此意思时，常用于would rather do sth.(宁愿做某事)，rather than(而不是)结构以及would rather do sth. (than do sth.) / would rather sb. did sth.等结构。例如：
I would rather you came tomorrow than today. 我宁愿你明天来，而不要今天来。
I would stay at home than go to see the film with him.我宁愿呆在家里也不愿和他去看电影。
句中的not ... but rather...表示“不是……而是……”。例如：
The conference didn’t deal with the plan, but rather something else.这次会议没有讨论计划，而是处理了一些别的事情。
【体味高考】
To enjoy the scenery, Irene would rather spend long hours on the train_______travel by air. （NMET 2004全国）
A. as
B. to
C. than
D. while
【解析】 C。考查would rather do sth. than do sth.结构。
4. We must do as much as we can to make our community better and more beautiful.我们必须努力使我们的社区更好更美。
句子中的to make our community better and more beautiful是不定式作目的状语，as we can后省略了实义动词do，因为其前已有动词do。例如：
His parents did as much as they could to help him.他的父母尽可能地帮助他。
You must do everything you can to solve the problem.你必须尽力解决这个问题。
I will do what I can to help you.我将尽力来帮助你。
The Chinese people will do as much as they can to hold the 2008 Olympic Games successfully.中国人民将竭尽全力承办好2008年奥运会。