一、前言中国干旱区位于中国大陆的北部和西北部,是世界中纬度干燥带的重要组成部分。包括中国新疆、甘肃、青海、宁夏和内蒙等省(自治区)的大部分或一部分。居住在这个地区的各族劳动人民,在长期的生产斗争实践中,与“干旱”进行了艰苦的斗争,积累了丰富的经验。如新疆坎儿井,直到现在仍为开发利用山前平原地下水的有效实施之一(照片1);宁夏银川平原的“秦渠”(公元前200多年的水利措施),至今仍在发挥着它的灌溉效 I. Preface China’s arid zone is located in the northern and northwestern parts of mainland China and is an important part of the mid-latitude drying zone in the world. Including most or all of the provinces (autonomous regions) in Xinjiang, Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia and Inner Mongolia in China. The working people of all nationalities living in this region have worked hard against the “drought” and accumulated rich experience in the practice of long-term production struggle. For example, the Karez River in Xinjiang is still one of the effective ways to exploit and exploit the groundwater in the Piedmont Plain (Photo 1); the “Qin Canal” (the water conservancy measures of 200 BC) in the Yinchuan Plain in Ningxia still plays its role of irrigation effect