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农民的社会心态既是主观精神状态的表现,也是乡村发展态势的一种反映。对之可以用“绝对发展论”、“相对满足感理论”和“发展性问题论”分别加以解读。当前,超过2/3的农民有幸福感,不到1/3的农民有不公平感。尽管城乡差距现实存在,但多数农民并未将自己地位认同为社会底层,表明农民的社会心态整体呈积极和乐观向上的趋势。农民与政府的关系总体上处于中性偏良性状态而非趋于紧张,但农民对政府的态度有层级差异,折射出乡村治理中的确也存在不和谐的问题。解决乡村治理问题,既要推进农村基层行政改革,更要推进农村土地制度和集体产权制度的改革。
The peasant’s social mentality is not only a manifestation of the subjective mental state but also a reflection of the rural development. It can be interpreted with “Absolute Development Theory”, “Theory of Relative Satisfaction” and “Theory of Developmental Problems”. Currently, more than two-thirds of farmers have happiness, and less than one-third of farmers have an unfair feeling. Although the urban-rural gap exists in reality, most peasants do not recognize their status as the bottom of society, indicating that the overall social mentality of peasants shows a positive and optimistic upward trend. The relationship between peasants and the government as a whole is in a rather benign state rather than a tense one. However, peasants’ hierarchical attitudes towards the government reflect that there is indeed a problem of discord in rural governance. To solve the problem of rural governance, we must not only promote the reform of rural grass-roots administration, but also promote the reform of rural land system and collective property system.