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测定普通玉米、爆裂玉米、糯玉米和甜玉米4种类型玉米籽粒不同发育时期的直链淀粉、支链淀粉、总淀粉、可溶性糖和蛋白的含量,分析这些营养物质与角质率的关系。结果表明:灌浆期间4种类型玉米的直链淀粉、支链淀粉和总淀粉含量呈上升趋势,总蛋白含量呈下降趋势,可溶性糖含量变化规律不明显。爆裂玉米的直链淀粉含量始终最高(4.7%～23.1%),甜玉米(1.4%～4.6%)和糯玉米(2.3%～4.9%)的始终较低;甜玉米的支链淀粉含量一直最低(15.7%～35.5%),除授粉10d以外,糯玉米的支链淀粉含量一直最高(65.5%～69.8%);甜玉米总淀粉含量始终最低(17.1%～36.1%)、总蛋白含量(15.2%～26.9%)和授粉30d后的可溶性糖含量最高(14.2%～17.6%)。高蛋白含量可能是爆裂玉米和甜玉米角质率高的原因,糯玉米的角质率低可能与支链淀粉含量高和蛋白积累少有关。
The contents of amylose, amylopectin, total starch, soluble sugar and protein at different growth stages of four types of maize kernel, including normal corn, pop corn, waxy corn and sweet corn, were determined. The relationship between these nutrients and the percentage of stratum corneum was analyzed. The results showed that the contents of amylose, amylopectin and total starch in four types of maize increased while the content of total protein decreased while the content of soluble sugar did not change obviously. The amylose content of popcorn was consistently highest (4.7% -23.1%), sweet corn (1.4% -4.6%) and waxy corn (2.3% -4.9%) were consistently lower; sweet corn had the lowest amylopectin content (15.7% -35.5%). The content of amylopectin in waxy corn was the highest (65.5% -69.8%) except pollination for 10 days. The content of total starch in sweet corn was the lowest (17.1% -36.1% % ~ 26.9%) and the highest content of soluble sugar (14.2% ~ 17.6%) after 30 days of pollination. The high protein content may be the reason for the high rate of keratin burst in popcorn and sweet corn. The low cutin content of waxy maize may be related to the high amylopectin content and less protein accumulation.