Objective: To investigate the effect of Shenfu Injection (SF, ginesenoside and aconite alkaloid) on the apoptosis of intestinal mucosal epithelial cells during ischemia-reperfusion in rats and its potential mechanisms. Methods: Ischemia-reperfusion model was established in rats. Twenty-four rats were divided into 3 groups with 8 rats in each, eg, ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) group, SF-treated group, and control group. In both SF and I/R groups, the superior mesenteric artery was closed with forceps for 1 hour and then reperfused for 2 hours. Either SF (3 ml/kg, SF group) or normal saline (I/R and control groups) was injected intravenously and continuously for 5 ml/kg with a micropump before the superior mesenteric artery was closed. The superior mesenteric artery was not closed for animals in control group. The expression of casapse-3 and Fas, and the level of TNF-α and pathological changes of the ileal mucosal tissue were assayed. Results: (1) The number of apoptosis cells increased obviously in I/R group and was significantly higher than that in SF and control groups (P