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环境诱变剂(天然和人工合成的)损伤DNA,可能是癌症和遗传性缺陷的重要原因,也可能是引起心脏病、衰老和白内障以及发育上的先天缺陷的原因。当前有5～10%的儿童有先天性缺陷。生殖细胞的 DNA 损伤可能导致后代出现遗传性缺陷。体细胞的 DNA 突变,改变 DNA 中控制和防止细胞增殖的正常译码机理,故而产生了癌性细胞。人们通过饮食中的天然的、合成的化学物质,以及复杂的混合物(如纸烟的烟雾、空气和水中的污染物)而不断与诱变剂接触。
Environmental mutagens (both natural and synthetic) damage DNA, which can be a significant cause of cancer and genetic defects, and may also be responsible for heart disease, aging and cataract, and developmental birth defects. Currently, 5% to 10% of children have congenital defects. DNA damage in germ cells can lead to genetic defects in offspring. Somatic cell DNA mutations that alter the normal coding machinery that control and prevent cell proliferation in DNA produce cancerous cells. People are constantly exposed to mutagens through natural, synthetic chemicals in the diet, as well as in complex mixtures such as tobacco smoke, air and water contaminants.