“典型”问题是文艺理论中的一个重要而又比较复杂的问题,是我们学习文艺理论的重点和难点之一。为了加深对“典型”的理解,我们试图通过学习欧洲几个有代表性的文艺理论家的论著来探讨一下它的来龙去脉。“典型”一词最初来自希腊文,原意是模子,现在的英文为“TYPE”。几千年来,许多文艺理论家都曾给予典型问题以充分的注意。最早是古希腊的亚里士多德,他在美学著作《诗学》中开始提出了文学的一般与特殊的关系。在第九章中,他说:历史家与诗人“两者的差别在于一叙述已发生的事,一描述可能发生的事。因此,写诗这种活动比 The “typical” problem is an important and complicated one in literary theory, which is one of the most important and difficult points in our study of literary theory. In order to deepen our understanding of “canonical”, we try to find out the way it went by studying the works of several representative literary theorists in Europe. The word “typical” came originally from Greek, originally intended as a mold, now in English as “TYPE”. For thousands of years, many literary theorists have given adequate attention to typical problems. Aristotle was the earliest ancient Greek, he began in the aesthetic poetics put forward the literature of the general and special relations. In Chapter 9, he states: “The difference between the historian and the poet” lies in the narrative of what has happened and the description of what may happen.