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目的：调查住院患者下呼吸道感染细菌菌群变迁及药敏试验情况，以指导临床应用抗生素。方法：对住院下呼吸道感染患者清晨多次漱口后咳深部痰或气管插管、气管切开患者用无菌吸痰管从气管内吸痰，于无菌管中进行培养并做药敏试验。结果：１２００例次下呼吸道感染痰培养共培养出细菌１３７８株，其中阴性杆菌与阳性球菌分别为８０．１９％和１９．８１％。其中不动杆菌感染率明显上升，居第２位（占１９．０１％）；药敏试验结果表明细菌耐药性明显增加。头孢三代、丁胺卡那霉素等抗生素为大多数细菌敏感，喹诺酮类抗生素在药敏试验中显示了很好的抗菌活性。结论：下呼吸道感染的致病菌以阴性杆菌为主，不动杆菌所占比例明显升高，今后可能成为下呼吸道感染首位致病菌；细菌耐药性明显增强，医生应严格控制抗生素的应用以降低细菌耐药性；喹诺酮类抗生素有可能成为控制呼吸道感染的首选抗生素
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes of bacterial flora and susceptibility testing of lower respiratory tract infection in hospitalized patients to guide the clinical application of antibiotics. Methods: Inpatients with lower respiratory tract infection in early morning after multiple mouthwash cough sputum or endotracheal intubation, tracheotomy patients with a sterile suction tube from the trachea suction sputum in sterile tubes for culture and susceptibility testing . Results: A total of 1378 bacteria were isolated from 1200 cases of sputum culture with lower respiratory tract infection, of which 80.19% and 19.81% were negative bacilli and positive cocci. Acinetobacter infection rate was significantly increased, ranking No. 2 (19.01%); drug susceptibility test results showed that bacterial resistance increased significantly. Three generations of cephalosporins, amikacin and other antibiotics sensitive to most bacteria, quinolone antibiotics in susceptibility testing showed good antibacterial activity. CONCLUSIONS: The negative bacteria are the main pathogenic bacteria of lower respiratory tract infection, the proportion of Acinetobacter is obviously increased, and may become the first pathogenic bacteria of lower respiratory tract infection in the future. The antibiotic resistance of bacteria is obviously increased, and the doctors should strictly control the application of antibiotics To reduce bacterial resistance; quinolone antibiotics may become the first choice of antibiotics to control respiratory infections