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目的了解长春市小学生基本健康知识及行为,以便为有针对性地开展小学生健康教育提供参考。方法采取整群随机抽样方法抽取长春市4个区4所小学1~6年级共1 395名小学生,利用项目组自制健康知识及行为调查表进行调查。结果回收有效问卷1 395份,男生706名,占50.6%;女生689名,占49.4%。在健康知识方面,45.1%的学生不知道牙刷使用多长时间应更换,50.8%的学生认为其他人吸烟所产生的烟雾对自身的健康是有害的,接受过洗手、刷牙、合理饮食、控烟及预防被动吸烟的学生分别为53.8%、49.7%、38.9%、41.6%。在健康行为上,11.5%的学生每天中午睡午觉,12.8%的学生现在使用的牙膏为含氟牙膏,55.3%的学生采用正确的方式刷齿间缝隙,46.7%的学生平时正确刷牙齿表面,48.1%的学生有喝酸奶、牛奶等奶制品的习惯,43.4%的学生一日三餐能量配比合理。结论小学生健康知识及行为整体发展不平衡,基本健康需求有待改善,学校、家庭及社会应加强对小学生基本卫生知识及技能的指导。
Objective To understand the basic health knowledge and behavior of primary school students in Changchun in order to provide a reference for the health education of primary school students. Methods A total of 1 395 primary schoolchildren aged from 1st to 6th grade in 4 primary schools in 4 districts of Changchun were sampled by cluster sampling method. The self-made health knowledge and behavior questionnaire of the project team were used to investigate. Results There were 1 395 valid questionnaires and 706 male students, accounting for 50.6% and 689 female students, accounting for 49.4%. In terms of health knowledge, 45.1% of the students did not know how long the toothbrush should be replaced. 50.8% of the students considered that the smoke from other people’s smoking was harmful to their own health. They had to wash their hands, brush their teeth, rationally diet, Students who prevent passive smoking were 53.8%, 49.7%, 38.9% and 41.6% respectively. In healthy behavior, 11.5% of students take a nap every day at noon, 12.8% of students now use fluoride toothpaste, 55.3% of students use the correct way to brush the gap between teeth, 46.7% of students usually brush the tooth surface correctly, 48.1% of the students had the habit of dairy products such as yogurt and milk, and 43.4% of the students had reasonable energy ratio for three meals a day. Conclusions The overall development of primary school students’ health knowledge and behaviors is unbalanced. The basic health needs are yet to be improved. Schools, families and the community should strengthen their guidance on basic hygiene knowledge and skills for primary school students.