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在经济学的发展中,目标函数与约束条件这两个工具起着根本性的作用,很多经济学“革命”和流派的创立实际上只是这两个工具的差异或变化的具体表现。从经济人范式到制度人假说的演进过程中,古典经济人范式把自利作为目标函数,但没有涉及环境、技术、禀赋以及制度等约束条件;新古典经济人范式在最优化目标函数的时候已经考虑到价格和收入约束条件的影响,但没有考虑真实世界中的交易费用约束;新制度经济人范式尽管已经考虑了交易费用的约束,但该范式越来越倾向于把机会主义、观念和意识形态等不可测量的要素放进目标函数作为解释变量,因此难以得到可验证的经济学意蕴。实证主义经济人范式应该注重客观约束条件的考察和转换。
In the development of economics, the two functions of objective function and constraint play a fundamental role. The establishment of many economics “revolution ” and genres is actually only the concrete manifestation of the difference or change of these two instruments. In the process of evolution from the economic man mode to the institutional man hypothesis, the classical economic man mode takes the self-interest as the objective function, but does not involve the constraints such as environment, technology, endowment and system. In the process of optimizing the objective function, Considering the influence of price and income constraints, the transaction cost constraints in the real world are not taken into account. Although the new institutional economy paradigm has already considered the constraint of transaction costs, the paradigm tends to take opportunism, concept and Ideology and other unmeasurable factors into the objective function as explanatory variables, it is difficult to get verifiable economics implications. The positivist model of economic man should pay attention to the investigation and conversion of objective constraints.