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随着数字信号处理技术的发展,基于声传感器阵列的经典波束形成算法广泛地应用于航空气动噪声检测领域中。但是,经典算法计算量大,并且它的算法结构决定了其无法用作实时算法。本文给出了一种基于状态观测器理论的新算法,介绍了观测器算法的理论背景、算法稳定性的证明、麦克风阵列的设计准则以及基于阵列进行的仿真结果。这种新算法在形式上类似于控制理论中的状态观测器,并且在频域对采集到的数据进行迭代运算。对理想的单点噪声源的仿真以及对消声室中起落架模型进行的试验结果验证了该算法的正确性与实用性。相比经典算法,该算法不仅具有实时处理的能力,也能迭代地消除由测试环境引起的各种误差。
With the development of digital signal processing technology, the classical beamforming algorithm based on acoustic sensor array is widely used in the field of aviation aerodynamic noise detection. However, the classical algorithm is computationally intensive and its algorithmic structure determines that it can not be used as a real-time algorithm. In this paper, a new algorithm based on state observer theory is presented. The theoretical background of the observer algorithm, the proof of algorithm stability, the design criteria of the microphone array and the simulation results based on the array are introduced. This new algorithm is similar in form to the state observer in the control theory and iterates over the collected data in the frequency domain. The simulation of the ideal single-point noise source and the test results of the landing gear model in anechoic chamber verify the correctness and practicability of the algorithm. Compared with the classical algorithm, the algorithm not only has the ability of real-time processing, but also iteratively eliminate the errors caused by the test environment.