资本主义相关问题的研究多集中在欧美等发达国家,而对发展中国家资本主义的探讨较少。发展中国家资本主义的产生和发展都与发达国家不同,特别是随着电子信息技术的不断应用,发达国家生产力水平得到空前的发展,信息化和网络化为资本主义生产向全球的扩张创造了便利的条件,客观上要求生产关系也随之变化。从20世纪80年代开始,新自由主义席卷全球,发展中国家在生产资料所有制、劳资关系、资本间关系等方面产生了新的变化,出现了全面私有化但效果甚微、强资本与弱劳工的阶级关系、不断加深的对外依附、不断加剧的“数字鸿沟”等新特征。但是,新自由主义并没有如预期那样促进发展中国家经济和社会的发展,反而使失业率、贫困率上升,加剧了发展中国家的贫富差距,带来了接二连三的债务危机、金融危机和经济危机,导致了经济的下滑,甚至引发了社会的动荡不安。因此,进入21世纪,发展中国家的资本主义呈现出新的发展理念的提出、政府作用的回归、南南合作的加强等新趋势,但也面临着难以摆脱的对外依附、难以克服的贫富分化、难以摆脱的贫穷动荡等挑战,发展中国家应做好长期斗争的准备。 Research on the issues related to capitalism is mostly concentrated in developed countries such as Europe and the United States, but less on capitalism in developing countries. The emergence and development of capitalism in developing countries are different from those in developed countries. Especially with the continuous application of electronic information technology, the developed countries have enjoyed unprecedented levels of productivity. Informatization and networking have created the global expansion of capitalist production Convenient conditions, the objective requirements of the production relations also change. Since the 1980s, neoliberalism has swept the world. The developing countries have made new changes in the ownership of their means of production, the relations between employers and employees, and the relations between capital and other sectors. There has been full privatization with little effect, with strong capital and weak labor Class relations, deepening dependence on foreign countries and increasing “digital divide” and other new features. However, neo-liberalism did not promote the economic and social development of developing countries as expected. Rather, it increased the rate of unemployment and poverty and aggravated the gap between the rich and the poor in developing countries, resulting in successive debt crises, financial crises and The economic crisis led to the economic downturn and even triggered social unrest. Therefore, in the 21st century, capitalism in developing countries presents new concepts of development, the return of the role of government, the strengthening of South-South cooperation and other new trends. However, it is also facing difficulties that are difficult to get rid of and are hard pressed to overcome. Differentiation, hard to get rid of poverty and turmoil and other challenges, developing countries should make preparations for long-term struggle.