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本体论的核心问题是“世界上究竟存在什么东西?”与该问题密切相关的另一个问题是“‘存在’是什么意思?”本文仅仅关注第二个问题,限于讨论对存在概念本身的分析。准确地说,本文的主要任务在于澄清Russell关于存在概念的理论。这个任务将分为两个步骤来完成。首先,我将转述Russell自己的理论。然后,我将着重处理McGinn对Russell的理论的三个批评。我将证明,McGinn的批评不对Russell造成任何威胁。但是,这并不意味着Russell提供了一种十分理想的理论,因为(正如我们将要看见的)Russell的理论至少有一个严重的弱点。
The central question of ontology is “What exactly is in the world?” Another question closely related to this question is “What does it mean to exist?” This article focuses only on the second question, Analysis of the concept itself. To be precise, the main task of this paper is to clarify Russell’s theory of the existence of concepts. This task will be completed in two steps. First, I’ll relay Russell’s own theory. I will then focus on three of McGinn’s critiques of Russell’s theory. I will prove that McGinn’s criticism does not pose any threat to Russell. However, this does not mean that Russell offers a very good theory because (as we shall see later) Russell’s theory has at least one serious weakness.