19世纪最初几十年,美国社会危机四伏。为了确立一种民族共识,许多文化、政治代言人将目光投向美国早期历史,尤其是殖民地清教历史。霍桑以其对清教的特殊情感,在《恩迪科与红十字》与《欢乐山的五月柱》中描绘了一幅完全不同于政治家与史学家的清教历史画卷。 In the early decades of the nineteenth century, American society was in a state of crisis. In order to establish a national consensus, many cultural and political spokesmen are turning their attention to the early American history, especially to colonial Puritan history. Hawthorne, with his special feelings about Puritanism, painted a picture of Puritan history completely different from politicians and historians in Endeco and the Red Cross and the May Column in Happy Mountain.