Aim:To investigate whether corticosteroids are effective in the treatment of plas-tic bronchitis with hemoptysis.Methods:A retrospective,clinical study wasundertaken.Thirty two patients with only first episodes of plastic bronchitis withhemoptysis were divided into a steroid group(n=18)treated with glucocorticoids,and a non-steroid group(n=14).The supportive therapy was uniformly applied toboth groups,except for glucocorticoids.Variables such as temperature and whiteblood cell counts were determined.Furthermore,the volume of hemoptysis andbronchial casts were evaluated in detail daily.Results:There was no difference inthe demographic data and variables at baseline between both groups(all P>0.05).On days 5,6,7 and 8,the volume of hemoptysis was significantly decreased in thesteroid group compared with the non-steroid group(43±15 mL vs 117±33 mL ond 5,29±12 mL vs 97±23 mL on d 6,18±10mL vs 80±20 mL on d 7,and 13±8 mLvs 66±14 mL on d 8;all P<0.05),and on d 10 after fibreoptic bronchoscopy,thecases with bronchial casts was reduced evidently in the steroid group in compari-son with the non-steroid group(OR=5.69,95% CI=1.76-43.6;P=0.005).There wasno significance in mechanical ventilation and mortality between both groups.Conclusion:Despite some limitations of this study,it has been demonstratedthat,on the basis of common supportive therapy,corticosteroids would be effec-tive and safe for the treatment of plastic bronchitis with hemoptysis. Aim: To investigate whether corticosteroids are effective in the treatment of plas-tic bronchitis with hemoptysis. Methods: A retrospective, clinical study was undertaken.Thirty two patients with only first episodes of plastic bronchitis withhemoptysis were divided into a steroid group (n = 18) treated with glucocorticoids, and a non-steroid group (n = 14). The supportive therapy was uniformly applied toboth groups, except for glucocorticoids. Variables such as temperature and whiteblood cell counts were determined. Future plus, the volume of hemoptysis and bronchial casts were evaluated as in detail daily. Results: There was no difference between the demographic data and variables at baseline between both groups (all P> 0.05) .On days 5,6,7 and 8, the volume of hemoptysis was significantly decreased in the steroid group compared with the non-steroid group (43 ± 15 mL vs 117 ± 33 mL ond 5, 29 ± 12 mL vs 97 ± 23 mL on d 6,18 ± 10 mL vs 80 ± 20 mL on d 7, and 13 ± 8 mLvs 66 ± 14 mL on d 8; all P <0.05), and on d 10 after fibreoptic bron choscopy, thecases with bronchial casts was reduced evidently in the steroid group in compari-son with the non-steroid group (OR = 5.69,95% CI = 1.76-43.6; P = 0.005) .There wasno significance in mechanical ventilation and mortality between both groups. Confidence: Despite some limitations of this study, it has been demonstrated that on the basis of common supportive therapy, corticosteroids would be effec-tive and safe for the treatment of plastic bronchitis with hemoptysis.