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干细胞是一种具有多向分化潜能的细胞,能向骨、软骨、肌肉、血管和神经分化。在组织工程与临床应用中,神经干细胞常用于组织神经系统修复与再造萎缩、坏死、缺损的神经元以及神经胶质。神经干细胞可由胚胎干细胞、骨髓干细胞、间充质干细胞、表皮干细胞和脂肪干细胞等在不同的培养条件和特定的细胞生长因子作用下定向诱导其向神经细胞分化。滑膜间充质干细胞的多向分化能力使其在神经缺损与修复应用中具有广阔的前景。下面就近年来利用胚胎干细胞向神经细胞分化的研究进展作一综述。
Stem cells are cells that have a multi-directional potential for differentiation into bone, cartilage, muscle, blood vessels, and nerves. In tissue engineering and clinical applications, neural stem cells are often used to repair and regenerate atrophic, necrotic, and deficient neurons and glia in the nervous system. Neural stem cells can be induced to differentiate into neurons by embryonic stem cells, bone marrow stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, epidermal stem cells and adipose-derived stem cells under different culture conditions and specific cell growth factors. The multidirectional differentiation ability of synovial membrane mesenchymal stem cells has broad prospects in the application of nerve defects and repair. The following in recent years the use of embryonic stem cells to neural cell differentiation research progress is reviewed.