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从“绿色”化学的观点出发,选择无毒、无害的水作溶剂,环境友好、无毒的葡萄糖同时作还原剂和稳定剂,在加热条件下还原HAuCl4制备金纳米粒子。实验中通过加入不同量的NaOH和葡萄糖,合成出了不同尺寸、形貌的金纳米粒子。当n(NaOH)∶n(HAuCl4)∶n(葡萄糖)=3∶1∶10时,得到了分散较好的直径10~20 nm、长度可达2μm的多晶结构的金纳米线。根据透射电镜、X-射线衍射的测试结果对纳米线的生长机理进行了分析认为,首先纳米金进行定向排列,然后由于金属键的作用导致金纳米线的生成。
From the viewpoint of “green” chemistry, nontoxic and innocuous water was chosen as solvent, environment-friendly and non-toxic glucose as reductant and stabilizer, and HAuCl4 was reduced to gold nanoparticles under heating conditions. In the experiment, gold nanoparticles of different sizes and morphologies were synthesized by adding different amounts of NaOH and glucose. When n (NaOH): n (HAuCl4): n (glucose) = 3:1:10, a well-dispersed gold nanowire with a diameter of 10-20 nm and a length of up to 2 μm was obtained. According to the results of TEM and X-ray diffraction, the growth mechanism of nanowires was analyzed. First of all, the nanowalls were aligned and then the gold nanowires were generated due to the action of metal bonds.