七十年代和八十年代进入了一个世界范围的“结构调整”的时代。这些变化的一个重要因素是发展中国家扩大出口,从而成为国际贸易中新的劳动分工的一个预兆。沿着五十年代形成的贸易格局,从1970年到1980年期间世界贸易年平均增长5.8%。然而,随着七十年代末世界范围的衰退,1980年贸易量的增长速度减至2.3%,1981年降到-1%,这是自从1945 The seventies and eighties entered a worldwide era of “structural adjustment.” An important factor in these changes is the expansion of exports by developing countries, thus becoming a harbinger of the new division of labor in international trade. Along the trade pattern formed in the 1950s, the average annual growth of world trade during the period from 1970 to 1980 was 5.8%. However, with the worldwide recession in the late 1970s, the growth rate of trade volume in 1980 dropped to 2.3% and in 1981 it dropped to -1%. Since 1945